Caste Discrimination in Provision of Public Schools in Rural India

Social Identity and STEM Choice: Evidence from Higher Secondary Schooling in India

“…These inequalities have persisted in educational attainment between the caste groups, which further contribute to wage inequalities (Dutta & Das, 2007). Bailwal & Paul (2021) find that villages with a higher share of marginalized castes, i.e. SCs and STs have a lower probability of having public schools.…”

The Nature of Caste Prejudice: A New Look at Prejudice, Social Identity, and Casteism in India

“…Caste-based discrimination and inequality continue in various forms. Even as there is a growing recognition of caste prejudice contributing to this continuity (Ahuja & Ostermann 2016;Bailwal & Paul 2021;Coffey et al 2018;Cotterill et al 2014;Mosse 2018;, it has not received a systematic and consistent attention among researchers. Most research on caste prejudice was conducted in the 1960s-1970s and, therefore, remains limited by outdated reductionist theoretical paradigms.…”

“…Discriminatory practices. Multiple studies have mapped the continuing caste discrimination in employment opportunities (Mosse 2018;Siddique 2011;Thorat & Joshi 2020), access to education (Bailwal & Paul 2021;Subramanian 2015), marriages (Ahuja & Ostermann 2016), etc. However, overt casteist and discriminatory practices are not the only way that injustice and inequality in caste context are maintained and reproduced.…”

Barriers or Catalysts? Traditional Institutions and Social Mobility in Rural India

“…For a village dominated by a minority group, the net own-enclave e ect can be thought of as the sum of positive and negative enclave e ects, which, again, could operate di erently for educational and occupational mobility and for di erent social groups. For educational mobility, educational aspirations may be limited by the absence of suitable role models, while the access to and quality of education and schools may be limited by weak collective political leverage (Bailwal and Paul, 2021, Krishna, 2013, Mani and Riley, 2021. At the same time, the risk of caste-based humiliation in school should be filtered out.…”

“…access existed even 40 years ago and were more prominent then. Using census data from 1971 and 1991,Banerjee and Somanathan (2007) document disadvantage in public goods for areas that were dominated by non-UCs Bailwal and Paul (2021and 2011 census data to show that SC/ST population-dominated villages are less likely to have secondary schools than non-SC/ST-dominated villages.…”