Castelli risk index-1 and atherogenic coefficient are better predictors of cardiometabolic risk in patients with hypothyroidism

Abstract

Hypothyroidism resulting from a deficiency of thyroid hormones may be associated with dyslipidaemia. Since altered lipid profile is quite important in predicting CVD risk, therefore the present study aimed to investigate any possible association between the levels of certain lipid indices with thyroid profile and their diagnostic ability of cardiometabolic syndrome in patients with hypothyroidism. A cohort of 40 female patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism was included as cases and thirty age and gender matched healthy females were recruited as controls. Fasting blood samples were collected for analysis of thyroid hormones, cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by Chemiluminescence immuno-assay, and enzymatic colorimetric methods respectively. Differences in all between groups were tested using parametric independent sample T test. Pearson’s correlation or Spearman rank correlation analysis was done to study the correlations among the parameters as appropriate. Receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to study diagnostic utility of parameters.Lipid indices were found to be significantly increased in patients with hypothyroidism when compared to the controls. Castelli risk index-I (CRI-I), CRI-II, atherogenic coefficient (AC) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), were found to be significant positively correlated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (r=0.923, p=0.0001, r=0.935, p=0.0001,r=0.970, p=0.0001 and r=0.382, p=0.0001 respectively). The ROC curve analysis of lipid indices for cardiometabolic risk reveals that AUC for CRI-I and AC was high and statistically significant than other lipid parameters.The present study suggests that in addition to routine lipid investigations the inclusion of lipid Indices especially CRI-I, AC, were better indices for screening of early detection of cardiometabolic risk in female patients with hypothyroidism.

Cardioprotective Effects of Insect Apis Melifera Based Complementary Foods Using an In-Vivo White Albino (BALB/c) Mice

“…However, the results of the mice assigned on both Diet 4 and 5 would be the prediction of cardiovascular events (Edwards et al, 2017). Also, CRI-II presented more prognostic value compared with ordinary LDL-C or HDL-C fractions (Sasikala & Goswami, 2020). Thus, this nding agreed with the study of (Bo et al, 2018;Niroumand et al, 2015).…”

“…From the results of blood lipid pro les, it was di cult to conclude which experimental diet had a cardioprotective potential and prevents infants or children from CVD. In addition to routine lipid investigations, the inclusion of atherogenic indices was a better index for screening for early detection of atherogenic CVD (Sasikala & Goswami, 2020). Furthermore, if other atherogenic risk parameters tend to be normal, atherogenic indices would be a viable diagnostic option (U. I.…”

“…Therefore, the lipid pro le assay has found a useful application in the assessment of malnourished children (Kimak et al, 2000;Taskinen, 2000). AIP (Niroumand et al, 2015;Ranjit et al, 2015;Sasikala & Goswami, 2020) and AC (Dobiasˇova, 2004) were also useful diagnostic tools to predict the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease the higher the value, the higher the risk of developing CVD and vice versa.…”

Cardioprotective Effects of Insect Apis melifera‐Based Complementary Foods Using an In Vivo Mouse Model

“…In this experiment, based on the blood lipid profles, it was difcult to conclude which experimental diet had cardioprotective potential and prevented infants or children from developing CVD. In addition to routine lipid investigations, the inclusion of atherogenic indices is a better index for screening for early detection of atherogenic CVD [59]. Calculating atherogenic indices would also be a good diagnostic tool if other atherogenic risk factors were normal [60].…”

Garlic supplementation improves intestinal transit time, lipid accumulation product and cardiometabolic indices in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

“…Moreover, atherogenic indices, such as atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli risk index I (CRI‐I) and Castelli risk index II (CRI‐II) are accurate and available tools that can assess cardiovascular risk (Fernández‐Macías, Ochoa‐Martínez, Varela‐Silva, & Pérez‐Maldonado, 2019; Koca, Tugan, Seyithanoglu, & Kocyigit, 2019; Sujatha & Kavitha, 2017). Indices such as CMI, AIP, CRI‐I, and CRI‐II can assess cardiovascular risk better than a lipid profile alone (Dursun, Besiroglu, Otunctemur, & Ozbek, 2016; Sasikala & Goswami, 2020).…”