‘Casting Shadows’: Militarised boyhoods in apartheid South Africa during the 1980s

Symons, Stephen

doi:10.1177/0907568220922877

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Cadets were brought under South African Defence Force control in 1976 to prepare white school boys for national service (Symons, 2020). The goals of cadet training became more explicitly geared towards developing a 'love of country and national flag,' 'instil [ling] civil defence in youth ' and 'train[ing] them in good citizenship as a forerunner to their National Service' (Paratus, 1980, cited in Evans, 1989.…”

Section: Militarisation Of White Schools In the 1980smentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Total War,’ ‘People’s War,’ ‘Wars’ of Inequality and Education in South Africa

Chisholm

2022

On Education. Journal for Research and Debate

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Wars, whether of full-scale invasion and military aggression or on a lower scale of intensity, destroy educational infrastructure and aspirations. But during war, education can also hold out the possibility for alternatives. Using South Africa in the 1980s as a case of low-intensity war, this article shows how parts of the system became militarised but also how an alternative vision was created through and in education. Nationalism, militarism and gendered identities romanticising war and violence were closely linked in white schools. For black youth, militarism became a defence against state violence. Apartheid was defeated, but the violence produced by the conflict has lived on in the society in different ways. Redrawing the boundaries of the nation after apartheid has created new Others. Education can and must continue to create the possibilities for thinking about different ways of organising society and looking to a future without war.

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Section: Militarisation Of White Schools In the 1980smentioning

confidence: 99%