Cat bite: an injury not to underestimate

Kheiran, Amin; Palial, Vishal; Rollett, Rebecca; Wildin, C.; Chatterji, Urjit; Singh, Harvinder

doi:10.1080/2000656x.2019.1637750

Cited by 21 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The first line prophylactic antibiotics for the cate bite is Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid 875/125 mg every 12 hours. 13,6 In the United States, there are 5-6 deaths due to snakebites and around 6,000-7,000 cases of venomous snakebites annually. The largest number of venomous snakebites occurred in the Southwestern states.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pasteurella infections are particularly aggressive, usually presenting within 12-48h unless partially treated. 13 Infected cat bites can contain a mix of different micro-organisms from the animal's oral cavity and or the patient's skin normal flora, including the species of Pasteurella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Moraxella and Capnocytophaga, and anaerobic bacteria Porphyromonas spp. are the common pathogens found in animal bite wounds (Table 5).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are the common pathogens found in animal bite wounds (Table 5). 1,13 In the case of venom poisoning, identifying a type of snake and clinical manifestations of envenomation (Figure 2) is required. Venomous snakebites should be differentiated from non-venomous ones during the assessment.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Manifestation and Management of Terrestrial Animal Bites

Sasmito

Sawitri

2021

BIKK

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Background: Terrestrial animal bites wounds are injuries caused by terrestrial animals' mouths and teeth. Aerobic and nonaerobic bacteria cause 30–60% of the secondary bacterial infections due to animal bites. Rabies is an infectious disease and it is the most dangerous viral infection caused by animal bites. Also, venomous animal bites can be fatal and cause death if not treated well. Purpose: To identify the clinical manifestation, first aid, and management of terrestrial animal bites to reduce morbidity and mortality. Review: Wounds and crush injuries caused by animal bites are prone to infection. Aerobic bacteria, such as Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus spp. (including methicillin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)), Capnocytophaga canimorsus, and Bartonella henselae, and anaerobic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas spp. are commonly found pathogens in animal bite wounds. Rabies, the most dangerous viral infection, occurs in wounds infected by the rabies virus. The virus enters the nerve tissue, multiplies, and spreads to the central nervous system. This can cause disability, and it is life-threatening. In snakebites, management of basic life support, transportation to the hospital, clinical assessment, and immediate resuscitation are the most important procedures. Conclusion: Animal bite wounds are injuries caused by animals' mouths and teeth. Dogs, cats, and snakes are terrestrial animals that most likely attack humans. Proper diagnosis, first aid, and comprehensive management are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Manifestation and Management of Terrestrial Animal Bites

Sasmito

Sawitri

2021

BIKK

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“…Besondere Beachtung, auch im Hinblick auf Osteomyelitiden, sollten Menschen-und Tierbisse im Bereich der Hand bekommen. Speziell Katzenbissverletzungen, aufgrund der lanzettenartigen Zahnform mit möglicher schneller Eindringtiefe bis zum Knochen, und Hundebissverletzungen, aufgrund des oft erheblichen Riss-Quetsch-Gewebetraumas durch die starke Kraftentwicklung des Kiefers, stellen bei großer Verbreitung dieser Tiere ein besonderes Risiko dafür dar und werden häufig als Traumaursache beschrieben [2,[16][17][18][19]. Aber auch exotische Tiere finden zunehmende Verbreitung in der Tierhaltung und müssen in diese Überlegungen einbezogen werden [20].…”

Section: Posttraumatische Osteomyelitisunclassified

Osteitis/Osteomyelitis an Hand und Handgelenk

Lautenbach

Tenbrock

Böck

et al. 2021

Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir

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ZusammenfassungDie Osteomyelitiden im Bereich von Handgelenk und Hand sind weniger häufig als die Knocheninfektionen der langen Röhrenknochen, aber nicht selten. Viele Fragen zur Klassifikation, Pathogenese, Diagnostik, zum Therapiemanagement sowie den erreichbaren Behandlungsergebnissen sind bisher nur wenig ausreichend wissenschaftlich kontrolliert. Die Pathogenese der Erkrankung kann in posttraumatische, postoperative, fortgeleitete und hämatogene Osteomyelitiden, unter Erfassung der patientenindividuellen Risiken, eingeteilt werden. Eine frühe Diagnose und eine adäquate Therapie sind notwendig, um die betroffenen knöchernen Strukturen sowie die Funktion der angrenzenden Gelenke zu erhalten. Ein mehrzeitiges operatives Vorgehen ist dabei häufig notwendig. Zufriedenstellende Raten der Infektionskontrolle und erfolgreiche knöcherne Rekonstruktionen können meist erreicht werden. Komplikationen, verbleibende Defizite und partielle Amputationen, auch bei angemessener Therapie der Osteomyelitiden, sind auf Grund der Schwere der Erkrankung aber nicht immer zu verhindern.

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“…Prophylactic antibiotics selected according to the nature of the wound, the location, the oral flora bacteria species of the biting animal, and the characteristics of the patient, but are only recommended for wounds that are considered at high risk of infection. Those might be the deep or contaminated wounds with extensive tissue destruction and poor perfusion and those involving bones, joints, and tendons [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. About 30–60% are due to mixed aerobic-anaerobic pathogens.…”

Section: Infections At the Deep Anatomical Compartmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections of Deep Hand and Wrist Compartments

et al. 2020

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The human hand is the most exposed part of the body to highest risk for injuries, loss of the skin integrity, and to the inoculation of bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus β-haemolytic, and gram-negative. In case of an infection, the mobile anatomical structures and the synovial membranes in close proximity to each other may spread the pus towards deep spaces and compartments. Mild early infections without an abscess formation may respond to antibiotics, but at more advanced stage, erythema, swelling, stiffness, and severe pain may ensue. Abscess formation will cause debilitating pain, fever, systemic symptoms, and even sepsis. Necrotizing infections may threaten not only the limb, but also patient’s life. Therefore, an initially “trivial” hand injury should never be neglected, as it might turn into a deep space infection, which must be treated immediately with drainage, wound debridement, and i.v. antibiotics. Delay in diagnosis and inadequate initial management might rapidly lead to abscess formation, destruction of the gliding surfaces and the normal anatomy, and irreparable functional deterioration.

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Cat bite: an injury not to underestimate

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Clinical Manifestation and Management of Terrestrial Animal Bites

Clinical Manifestation and Management of Terrestrial Animal Bites

Osteitis/Osteomyelitis an Hand und Handgelenk

Infections of Deep Hand and Wrist Compartments

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