Catabolic Pathways of Coryneforms, Nocardias, and Mycobacteria

Krulwich, Terry A.; Pelliccione, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.33.100179.000523

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…HtrA supplies the glyoxylate that is used as a substrate by malate synthase. MTB and other mycobacteria have been observed to grow using hydroxyproline as a carbon source [41,42], suggesting that this pathway may indeed exist. Further studies confirming and characterizing this pathway will shed light on whether it does in fact provide MTB with a viable means of producing glyoxylate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of complex metabolic behavior through pathway decomposition

Colijn

Lun

2011

BMC Syst Biol

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BackgroundUnderstanding complex systems through decomposition into simple interacting components is a pervasive paradigm throughout modern science and engineering. For cellular metabolism, complexity can be reduced by decomposition into pathways with particular biochemical functions, and the concept of elementary flux modes provides a systematic way for organizing metabolic networks into such pathways. While decomposition using elementary flux modes has proven to be a powerful tool for understanding and manipulating cellular metabolism, its utility, however, is severely limited since the number of modes in a network increases exponentially with its size.ResultsHere, we present a new method for decomposition of metabolic flux distributions into elementary flux modes. Our method can easily operate on large, genome-scale networks since it does not require all relevant modes of the metabolic network to be generated. We illustrate the utility of our method for metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli and for understanding the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) during infection.ConclusionsOur method can achieve computational time improvements exceeding 2000-fold and requires only several seconds to generate elementary mode decompositions on genome-scale networks. These improvements arise from not having to generate all relevant elementary modes prior to initiating the decomposition. The decompositions from our method are useful for understanding complex flux distributions and debugging genome-scale models.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of complex metabolic behavior through pathway decomposition

Colijn

Lun

2011

BMC Syst Biol

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“…2006), suggests they may be significant members of microbial consortia involved in pollutant mineralization and nutrient cycling. To date, there is little evidence to support this hypothesis, other than that single report and the fact that rapidly growing NTM are able to degrade a variety of hydrocarbons (Krulwich and Pelliccione 1979; Heitkamp et al. 1988; Burback and Perry 1993).…”

Section: Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surrounded by mycobacteria: nontuberculous mycobacteria in the human environment

Falkinham

2009

Journal of Applied Microbiology

480

359

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Summary A majority of the Mycobacterium species, called the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), are natural inhabitants of natural waters, engineered water systems, and soils. As a consequence of their ubiquitous distribution, humans are surrounded by these opportunistic pathogens. A cardinal feature of mycobacterial cells is the presence of a hydrophobic, lipid‐rich outer membrane. The hydrophobicity of NTM is a major determinant of aerosolization, surface adherence, biofilm‐formation, and disinfectant‐ and antibiotic resistance. The NTM are oligotrophs, able to grow at low carbon levels [>50 μg assimilable organic carbon (AOC) l−1], making them effective competitors in low nutrient, and disinfected environments (drinking water). Biofilm formation and oligotrophy lead to survival, persistence, and growth in drinking water distribution systems. In addition to their role as human and animal pathogens, the widespread distribution of NTM in the environment, coupled with their ability to degrade and metabolize a variety of complex hydrocarbons including pollutants, suggests that NTM may be agents of nutrient cycling.

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“…Mycobacteria are resistant to formaldehyde and quaternary ammonium disinfectants ( 16 ) and the heavy metals in metalworking fluids ( 17 ). Further, mycobacteria can grow on the organic compounds in metalworking fluid, including the paraffins, pine oils, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( 18 , 19 ) and can degrade the disinfectant morpholine ( 20 ). Mycobacteria present in the water ( 21 ) can likely grow on the organic compounds in metalworking fluids in the absence of competitors after disinfection.…”

Section: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis In Workers Exposed To Metalworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mycolic acid-containing glycolipids, mannose-containing phospholipids, glycopeptidolipid mycosides, phenolglycolipid mycosides, and sulfatides that are unique to mycobacteria have all been reported to stimulate immune responses in animals ( 40 ). Further, mycobacteria produce a variety of extracellular primary and secondary metabolites ( 19 ) that could be aerosolized and trigger immune responses, including hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Some of these immunostimulatory compounds are produced in response to growth on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( 18 ).…”

Section: Mycobacteria and Immune Responses And Airway Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterial Aerosols and Respiratory Disease

Falkinham

2003

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

149

101

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Environmental opportunistic mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium avium, M. terrae, and the new species M. immunogenum, have been implicated in outbreaks of hypersensitivity pneumonitis or respiratory problems in a wide variety of settings. One common feature of the outbreaks has been exposure to aerosols. Aerosols have been generated from metalworking fluid during machining and grinding operations as well as from indoor swimming pools, hot tubs, and water-damaged buildings. Environmental opportunistic mycobacteria are present in drinking water, resistant to disinfection, able to provoke inflammatory reactions, and readily aerosolized. In all outbreaks, the water sources of the aerosols were disinfected. Disinfection may select for the predominance and growth of mycobacteria. Therefore, mycobacteria may be responsible, in part, for many outbreaks of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and other respiratory problems in the workplace and home.

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Catabolic Pathways of Coryneforms, Nocardias, and Mycobacteria

Cited by 33 publications

References 85 publications

Analysis of complex metabolic behavior through pathway decomposition

Analysis of complex metabolic behavior through pathway decomposition

Surrounded by mycobacteria: nontuberculous mycobacteria in the human environment

Mycobacterial Aerosols and Respiratory Disease

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