Catabolism of biogenic amines in Pseudomonas species

Abstract

Summary Biogenic amines (BAs; 2‐phenylethylamine, tyramine, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, octopamine, histamine, tryptamine, serotonin, agmatine, cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine and certain aliphatic amines) are widely distributed organic molecules that play basic physiological functions in animals, plants and microorganisms. Pseudomonas species can grow in media containing different BAs as carbon and energy sources, a reason why these bacteria are excellent models for studying such catabolic pathways. In this review, we analyse most of the routes used by different species of Pseudomonas (P. putida, P. aeruginosa, P. entomophila and P. fluorescens) to degrade BAs. Analysis of these pathways has led to the identification of a huge number of genes, catabolic enzymes, transport systems and regulators, as well as to understanding of their hierarchy and functional evolution. Knowledge of these pathways has allowed the design and collection of genetically manipulated microbes useful for eliminating BAs from different sources, highlighting the biotechnological applications of these studies.

Transcription Inhibitors with XRE DNA-Binding and Cupin Signal-Sensing Domains Drive Metabolic Diversification in Pseudomonas

“…5A). PauB1 is one of the four redundant PauB proteins, which are flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent oxidoreductases working in the complex g-glutamylation pathway required for polyamine utilization in P. aeruginosa (14,19). Although expression of its gene was shown to be increased in the presence of putrescine (20), PauB1 is required for cadaverine catabolism (14).…”

“…Although expression of its gene was shown to be increased in the presence of putrescine (20), PauB1 is required for cadaverine catabolism (14). We thus identified PA0535 as the missing regulator of the g-glutamylation pathway, most of the genes being under the control of PauR, or BauR (19). Indeed, the key regulator PauR was shown to bind in vitro to eight sites and thus to potentially affect expression of 18 genes (14).…”

Transcription inhibitors with XRE DNA-binding and cupin signal-sensing domains drive metabolic diversification in Pseudomonas

“…Although expression of its gene was shown to be increased in presence of putrescine (Chou et al, 2008), PauB1 is required for cadaverine catabolism (Chou et al, 2013). We thus identified PA0535 as the missing regulator of the -glutamylation pathway, most of the genes being under the control of PauR, or BauR (Luengo & Olivera, 2020). arrows.…”

“…PA0535 has only one target: it inhibits the pauB1 gene and potentially its own expression, the two genes being predicted as an operon (Winsor et al, 2016) (Figures 4A and 5A). PauB1 is one of the four redundant PauB proteins, which are FAD-dependent oxidoreductases working in the complex -glutamylation pathway required for polyamine utilization in P. aeruginosa (Chou et al, 2013, Luengo & Olivera, 2020.…”

“…Three new identified targets were the PA3766 gene encoding a probable amino acid/polyamine transporter and two operons, davD-davT and PA1541-40, which we confirmed by RT-qPCR ( Figure 4F). While PA1541 encodes a probable transporter, the DavD and DavT proteins are enzymes involved in the conversion from 5aminovalerate (AMV) to glutarate (Luengo & Olivera, 2020). Cadaverine is converted into AMV through the -glutamylation pathway, showing that PauR regulation extends beyond this metabolic pathway to further downstream steps.…”