Catabolism of GABA in apple fruit: Subcellular localization and biochemical characterization of two γ-aminobutyrate transaminases

Trobacher, Christopher P.; Clark, Shawn M.; Bozzo, Gale G.; Mullen, Robert T.; DeEll, Jennifer R.; Shelp, Barry J.

doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2012.08.005

Cited by 40 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…In our study, increased GABA levels were apparent during storage under elevated CO 2 , and associated with CA-related injury when 'Honeycrisp' apples were held at 38C. This is not surprising as GABA levels within 'Empire' fruit are depleted within 3 h of their transfer from CA storage to ambient conditions (Trobacher et al 2013a). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…A recent study reports that a 50% increase in GABA concentration of tomato fruit after 7 d of hypoxia and elevated CO 2 is associated with higher expression of a glutamate decarboxylase gene and lower expression of a GABA transaminase (Mae et al 2012). Two GABA transaminases from 'Empire' apple fruit have been isolated and biochemically characterized (Trobacher et al 2013a), and their possible importance for GABA catabolism in apple fruit during CA storage has been proposed. It is expected that glutamate decarboxylase-derived GABA biosynthesis in 'Honeycrisp' apples would be both transcriptionally and biochemically regulated in response to elevated CO 2 (Shelp et al 2012a,b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated GABA levels appear to coincide with the development of flesh browning disorders in 1-MCP-treated 'Empire' fruit stored with 2 kPa CO 2 (Lee et al 2012). Furthermore, the GABA levels of cherimoya fruit, broccoli florets and 'Empire' apples are reduced within hours to days of their removal from CA storage supplemented with elevated CO 2 (Merodio et al 1998;Hansen et al 2001;Trobacher et al 2013a). GABA accumulation in high CO 2 -treated plant tissues is proposed to counteract the acidification of the cytosol that occurs when CO 2 is dissolved in the cytosol (Lange and Kader 1997;Blanch et al 2012;Shelp et al 2012a).…”

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Controlled atmosphere-related injury in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples is associated with γ-aminobutyrate accumulation

et al. 2015

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. 2015. Controlled atmosphere-related injury in 'Honeycrisp' apples is associated with g-aminobutyrate accumulation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 879Á886. 'Honeycrisp' apples (Malus )domestica Borkh.), including fruit treated with the ethylene antagonist 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), can be susceptible to controlled atmosphere (CA)-related injury of the flesh tissue during storage. To better understand the biomarkers associated with this physiological disorder, we compared the temporal responses of the universal stress signature, g-aminobutyrate (GABA), and visual symptoms of CA-related injury in apples subjected to elevated CO 2 . Fruit were treated with or without 1-MCP prior to CA [2.5 kPa O 2 , 5 (elevated) or 0.03 (ambient) kPa CO 2 ] storage at either 3 or 208C for up to 24 wk. At 208C, 1-MCP-treated apples displayed symptoms of CA-related injury by 3 wk of elevated CO 2 storage; a similar 15% disorder incidence was apparent by 6 wk in non 1-MCP-treated fruit. A maximal incidence of 30% for this disorder occurred after 24 wk at 38C in fruit held at elevated CO 2 , regardless of 1-MCP treatment. At 208C, GABA levels were 48% higher within 6 wk of the transfer of 1-MCP-treated fruit to elevated CO 2 . At 38C, a 2.6-fold increase in GABA level occurred by week 6 of elevated CO 2 storage, and was maintained for an additional 18 wk thereafter; a similar change in GABA level was apparent in non 1-MCP-treated fruit, albeit delayed until week 18 of storage. These findings indicate that shifts in GABA are associated with the onset of visual symptoms of CA-related injury in 'Honeycrisp' fruit in response to elevated CO 2 , regardless of 1-MCP.Key words: g-aminobutyrate, apple, controlled atmosphere, controlled atmosphere-related injury, 1-methylcylopropene Chiu, G. Z., Shelp, B. J., Bowley, S. R., DeEll, J. R. et Bozzo, G. G. 2015. Les dommages cause´s aux pommes Honeycrisp sous atmosphe`re controˆle´e sont lie´s a`l'accumulation de g-aminobutyrate. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 879Á886. Les pommes Honeycrisp (Malus x domestica Borkh.), y compris les fruits traite´s avec du 1-me´thylcycloprope`ne (1-MCP), antagoniste de l'e´thyle`ne, ont parfois leur chair abıˆme´e lors de l'entreposage sous atmosphe`re controˆle´e (AC). Pour mieux comprendre les marqueurs biologiques associe´s a`ce proble`me physiologique, les auteurs ont compare´la re´ponse du g-aminobutyrate (GABA), signature universelle du stress, dans le temps aux symptoˆmes visibles des dommages re´sultant de l'entreposage AC chez les pommes soumises a`une forte concentration de CO 2 . Les fruits ont e´te´traite´s ou pas avec du 1-MCP avant d'eˆtre stocke´s sous AC [2,5 kPa de O 2 , et 5 (pression e´leve´e) ou 0,03 (pression ambiante) kPa de CO 2 ] a`3 ou 20 8C pendant un maximum de 24 semaines. À 20 8C, les pommes traite´es avec du 1-MCP pre´sentaient des signes de dommages associe´s a`l'entreposage CA apre`s trois semaines de stockage sous pression e´leve´e de CO 2 ; une incidence semblable de dommages, e´gale a`15 %, e´tait manifeste chez les fruits non traite´s au 1-MC...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 95%

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Controlled atmosphere-related injury in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples is associated with γ-aminobutyrate accumulation

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“…Depending on the enzyme's substrate specificity, the GABA-T enzyme can be divided into two types: the 2-OGdependent GABA-T (GABA-TK) and the pyruvatedependent GABA-T (GABA-TP). While GABA-TK uses 2-OG to generate Glu, the bispecific GABA-TP uses pyruvate to generate Ala or glyoxylate to generate Gly (Clark et al, 2009a(Clark et al, , 2009bShimajiri et al, 2013;Trobacher et al, 2013). Succinic-semialdehyde Figure 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Oxidase Isoforms Are Differentially Activated by Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates

et al. 2017

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The cyanide-insensitive alternative oxidase (AOX) is a non-proton-pumping ubiquinol oxidase that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water and is posttranslationally regulated by redox mechanisms and 2-oxo acids. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) possesses five AOX isoforms (AOX1A-AOX1D and AOX2). AOX1D expression is increased in aox1a knockout mutants from Arabidopsis (especially after restriction of the cytochrome c pathway) but cannot compensate for the lack of AOX1A, suggesting a difference in the regulation of these isoforms. Therefore, we analyzed the different AOX isoenzymes with the aim to identify differences in their posttranslational regulation. Seven tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (citrate, isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate) were tested for their influence on AOX1A, AOX1C, and AOX1D wild-type protein activity using a refined in vitro system. AOX1C is insensitive to all seven organic acids, AOX1A and AOX1D are both activated by 2-oxoglutarate, but only AOX1A is additionally activated by oxaloacetate. Furthermore, AOX isoforms cannot be transformed to mimic one another by substituting the variable cysteine residues at position III in the protein. In summary, we show that AOX isoforms from Arabidopsis are differentially fine-regulated by tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites (most likely depending on the amino-terminal region around the highly conserved cysteine residues known to be involved in regulation by the 2-oxo acids pyruvate and glyoxylate) and propose that this is the main reason why they cannot functionally compensate for each other.

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“…GABA is directly derived from glutamate, or indirectly from putrescine via a combination of DAO and aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase activities (Shelp et al, 2012c). Finally, GABA is metabolized mainly via a short pathway called the GABA shunt in which the activities of three enzymes produce succinic acid (Bouche and Fromm, 2004;Fait et al, 2008;Trobacher et al, 2013), although it bypasses two steps of the Krebs cycle, it ensures the recycling of C and N, and the production of reducing agents and energy. Our results show that glutamic acid accumulated in Natura and Sinatra during storage at 4 C. By contrast, GABA content decreased in both varieties (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of polyamines and other related metabolites to the maintenance of zucchini fruit quality during cold storage

Palma

Carvajal

Jamilena

et al. 2014

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

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Catabolism of GABA in apple fruit: Subcellular localization and biochemical characterization of two γ-aminobutyrate transaminases

Cited by 40 publications

References 40 publications

Controlled atmosphere-related injury in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples is associated with γ-aminobutyrate accumulation

Controlled atmosphere-related injury in ‘Honeycrisp’ apples is associated with γ-aminobutyrate accumulation

Alternative Oxidase Isoforms Are Differentially Activated by Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates

Contribution of polyamines and other related metabolites to the maintenance of zucchini fruit quality during cold storage

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