Catalase-Based Modified Graphite Electrode for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection in Different Beverages

Abstract

A catalase-based (NAF/MWCNTs) nanocomposite film modified glassy carbon electrode for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection was developed. The developed biosensor was characterized in terms of its bioelectrochemical properties. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique was employed to study the redox features of the enzyme in the absence and in the presence of nanomaterials dispersed in Nafion® polymeric solution. The electron transfer coefficient, α, and the electron transfer rate constant, k s, were found to be 0.42 and 1.71 s−1, at pH 7.0, respectively. Subsequently, the same modification steps were applied to mesoporous graphite screen-printed electrodes. Also, these electrodes were characterized in terms of their main electrochemical and kinetic parameters. The biosensor performances improved considerably after modification with nanomaterials. Moreover, the association of Nafion with carbon nanotubes retained the biological activity of the redox protein. The enzyme electrode response was linear in the range 2.5–1150 μmol L−1, with LOD of 0.83 μmol L−1. From the experimental data, we can assess the possibility of using the modified biosensor as a useful tool for H2O2 determination in packaged beverages.

Electrocatalysis by Heme Enzymes—Applications in Biosensing

“…For the last 10 to 15 years, nanostructured electrodes have been recurrently used in the construction of third-generation catalase biosensors. This is in line with development of electrochemical biosensor in general and is justified by the advantages that carbon and metal nanomaterials provide in terms of biocompatibility, high conductivity, and large surface area [119,120,122,[193][194][195]. Quantification of H 2 O 2 and nitrite has been achieved with a catalase/NiO NPs biosensor prepared by electrodeposition of enzyme and the NPs on GC and ITO electrodes.…”

“…Taken together, we witness a continuous growth of developed heme enzyme-based biosensing devices, some of which display very good performance, including in the analysis of real samples [95,195,218,225,246]. In parallel, the theoretical knowledge of the processes occurring at the electrode interface, and in particular the mechanisms of heterogeneous ET between electrodes and heme enzymes, together with general aspects of efficient DET have been well understood.…”

“…Composite materials based on surfactants, polymers, and ILs are often used to facilitate the dispersion of the nanomaterials, improve enzyme retention on the electrode, and help preserve the native conformation of the catalyst. To that end, catalase has been (i) adsorbed on GC surfaces modified with poly-L-lysine/MWCNT and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF 4 )-IL/MWCNT-NH 2 films [121,122], (ii) co-deposited with mixtures of dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB)/MWCNT [195], Nafion/MWCNT-COOH [196], or chitosan/SnO 2 nanofibers/PANI on GC electrodes [194], and (iii) incorporated into multilayered assemblies with amine terminated IL (NH 2 -IL) prepared on titanium nitride (TiN) modified GC electrodes [120]. FTIR and UV-Visible spectra of the catalase/poly-Llysine/MWCNT and catalase/NH 2 -IL/TiN films indicated that the enzyme was intact upon immobilization, suggesting suitable microenvironments for catalase activity [120,122].…”

Green-synthesized Silver Nanoparticles as Sensor Probes for the Naked-eye Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

“…The synthesized AgNPs were then utilized as sensor probes for a simple colorimetric assay for the visual detection of a small molecule, hydrogen peroxide which has been used in the industry as an oxidizing, whitening, and sterilizing agent in packaging materials due to its antimicrobial properties. Thereby, specific amounts of H 2 O 2 is released in the environment 16 . Moreover, in living organisms, H 2 O 2 decomposes to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may lead to irreversible biological damage and eventual dysfunction of biological processes 17 .…”

Ratiometric Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide Utilizing Conformational Change in Fluorescent Boronic Acid Polymers

“…When these probes react with H 2 O 2 , spectrophotometric changes are induced due to the alteration of the electronic state within the probes caused by the conversion of boronic acid moiety into phenol group. The boronic acid-based H 2 O 2 probes are advantageous over the conventional enzyme-based sensors [21] in terms of durability and reproducibility because they do not use unstable bioorganic substances. One of the drawbacks of the boronic acid-based method may be the necessity of complicated organic synthesis for obtaining the probes.…”