Catalase-Containing Silica Particles as Ultrasound-Based Hydrogen Peroxide Sensors to Determine Infected From Noninfected Fluid Collections in Humans

Abstract

Current methods for detecting H 2 O 2 involve fluorometric assays, such as Amplex Red (Thermo Fisher Scientific) or ferrous oxidation of xylenol orange [12]. These assays are very sensitive but unfortunately are susceptible to contamination by other body fluids, particularly blood, and are not routinely available in clinical laboratories, much less as a POC tool. Electrochemical and optical-based probes have also been developed [13-16]. However, both techniques require additional equipment and have major limitations. Electrochemical systems are affected by electrolytes and debris in the drained fluid that are difficult to control for, and optical methods have limited depth of penetration, particularly in turbid fluid and in fluid that contains blood. A reliable, low-cost sensor such as ultrasound (US) that could detect