Catalogue of EQ-5D Scores for the United Kingdom

Sullivan, Patrick W.; Slejko, Julia F.; Sculpher, Mark; Ghushchyan, Vahram

doi:10.1177/0272989x11401031

Cited by 294 publications

(270 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These values were consistent with values assigned to treated/untreated OSA patients in other studies using EQ-5D methodology (29,30). The baseline utility value for each patient was then reduced by applying a decrement upon the first occurrence of each chronic condition experienced by a patient during the study period using the values reported in the same catalogue of EQ-5D scores (28). This enabled an estimation of patients' expected health status in terms of the number of QALYs at 5 years from the start of CPAP treatment or the matched date among control patients.…”

Section: Health Economic Modelingsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…However, it has been reported that the baseline HRQoL of individuals with treated and untreated OSA are 7% and 16% lower than that for average people of the same age, respectively (27). Hence, the baseline utility of each patient in the THIN data set was estimated to be 7% and 16% less than that for average people of the same age in the catalogue of EQ-5D scores for the U.K. (28). Accordingly, the mean baseline utility value was estimated to be 0.747 and 0.676 in the CPAP-treated and untreated group, respectively.…”

Section: Health Economic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Clinical Outcomes and Cost-effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure to Manage Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the U.K.

et al. 2014

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OBJECTIVETo assess clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to manage obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the perspective of the U.K.'s National Health Service (NHS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSUsing a case-control design, 150 CPAP-treated patients with OSA and T2D were randomly selected from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database (a nationally representative database of patients registered with general practitioners in the U.K.) and matched with 150 OSA and T2D patients from the same database who were not treated with CPAP. The total NHS cost and outcomes of patient management in both groups over 5 years and the cost-effectiveness of CPAP compared with no CPAP treatment were estimated. RESULTSUsing CPAP was associated with significantly lower blood pressure at 5 years and increasingly lower HbA 1c levels over 5 consecutive years compared with untreated OSA patients. At 5 years, the HbA 1c level in the CPAP-treated group was 8.2% (66.0 mmol/mol) vs. 12.1% (108.4 mmol/mol) in the control group (P < 0.03). Use of CPAP significantly increased patients' health status by 0.27 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) per patient over 5 years (P < 0.001) and NHS management costs by £4,141 per patient over 5 years; the cost per QALY gained with CPAP was £15,337. CONCLUSIONSInitiating treatment with CPAP in OSA patients with T2D leads to significantly lower blood pressure and better controlled diabetes and affords a cost-effective use of NHS resources. These observations have the potential for treatment modification if confirmed in a prospective study.

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Section: Health Economic Modelingsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Health Economic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Clinical Outcomes and Cost-effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure to Manage Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the U.K.

et al. 2014

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“…84 Utility values based on current smoking status (current or former smoker) were derived from the Health Survey for England adjusted for relevant covariates including disease prevalence. 85 The EuroQol-5 Dimensions, a validated instrument for measuring health-related quality of life, was used for both sets of utility values and UK tariffs were used for calculating utility scores 86 (see Appendix 1, Table 38).…”

Section: Utility Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine preloading for smoking cessation: the Preloading RCT

Aveyard

Lindson

Tearne

et al. 2018

Health Technol Assess

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BackgroundNicotine preloading means using nicotine replacement therapy prior to a quit date while smoking normally. The aim is to reduce the drive to smoke, thereby reducing cravings for smoking after quit day, which are the main cause of early relapse. A prior systematic review showed inconclusive and heterogeneous evidence that preloading was effective and little evidence of the mechanism of action, with no cost-effectiveness data.ObjectivesTo assess (1) the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of nicotine preloading in a routine NHS setting relative to usual care, (2) the mechanisms of the action of preloading and (3) the cost-effectiveness of preloading.DesignOpen-label randomised controlled trial with examination of mediation and a cost-effectiveness analysis.SettingNHS smoking cessation clinics.ParticipantsPeople seeking help to stop smoking.InterventionsNicotine preloading comprised wearing a 21 mg/24 hour nicotine patch for 4 weeks prior to quit date. In addition, minimal behavioural support was provided to explain the intervention rationale and to support adherence. In the comparator group, participants received equivalent behavioural support. Randomisation was stratified by centre and concealed from investigators.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was 6-month prolonged abstinence assessed using the Russell Standard. The secondary outcomes were 4-week and 12-month abstinence. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed from baseline to 1 week after quit day. In a planned analysis, we adjusted for the use of varenicline (Champix®; Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA) as post-cessation medication. Cost-effectiveness analysis took a health-service perspective. The within-trial analysis assessed health-service costs during the 13 months of trial enrolment relative to the previous 6 months comparing trial arms. The base case was based on multiple imputation for missing cost data. We modelled long-term health outcomes of smoking-related diseases using the European-study on Quantifying Utility of Investment in Protection from Tobacco (EQUIPT) model.ResultsIn total, 1792 people were eligible and were enrolled in the study, with 893 randomised to the control group and 899 randomised to the intervention group. In the intervention group, 49 (5.5%) people discontinued preloading prematurely and most others used it daily. The primary outcome, biochemically validated 6-month abstinence, was achieved by 157 (17.5%) people in the intervention group and 129 (14.4%) people in the control group, a difference of 3.02 percentage points [95% confidence interval (CI) –0.37 to 6.41 percentage points; odds ratio (OR) 1.25, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.62;p = 0.081]. Adjusted for use of post-quit day varenicline, the OR was 1.34 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.73;p = 0.028). Secondary abstinence outcomes were similar. The OR for the occurrence of serious AEs was 1.12 (95% CI 0.42 to 3.03). Moderate-severity nausea occurred in an additional 4% of the preloading group compared with the control group. There was evidence that reduced urges to smoke and reduced smoke inhalation mediated the effect of preloading on abstinence. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio at the 6-month follow-up for preloading relative to control was £710 (95% CI –£13,674 to £23,205), but preloading was dominant at 12 months and in the long term, with an 80% probability that it is cost saving.LimitationsThe open-label design could partially account for the mediation results. Outcome assessment could not be blinded but was biochemically verified.ConclusionsUse of nicotine-patch preloading for 4 weeks prior to attempting to stop smoking can increase the proportion of people who stop successfully, but its benefit is undermined because it reduces the use of varenicline after preloading. If this latter effect could be overcome, then nicotine preloading appears to improve health and reduce health-service costs in the long term. Future work should determine how to ensure that people using nicotine preloading opt to use varenicline as cessation medication.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN33031001.FundingThis project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 22, No. 41. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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“…Comparing the survivorship diagrams of the four acute diseases (Figure 3) with acute poisonings suggests we might need do the following in order to accurately complete the heath valuation: 1) score these diseases differently based on criteria more complex than the five dimensions methods of EQ-5D, 2) look after long-term effects, 3) consider the physiopathology sequelae of the illness, or 4) consider the psychological state of the patients (10). As these diseases (intentional poisonings) -due to being commonly mandatory or with a known source (i.e., the substance of toxification is usually known or discoverable) -are induced in formerly (at least physically) healthy subjects, and so are responsive to treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preference-Based Health Valuation for Acute Poisoning: the Challenge of Very Acute Disease and Rapid Reversal of the Health State

Assadi

Spijker

Smit

et al. 2016

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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Background: A consistent and comparative description of the burden of diseases, injuries and risk factors that cause them is an important input to health decision-making and planning processes. Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the extent and pattern of variation in generic utility measures with respect to capturing the clinical nature of acute poisonings from the moment of onset until restoration of health after treatment. Patients and Methods:We measured the health status of patients admitted to the emergency medical toxicology ward of our teaching hospital, Mashhad, Iran. We measured their EuroQol both at admission and pre-discharge, and they were asked for time they traded-off for their current illness. Results: The study enrolled 82 patients (34 males, 48 females) admitted to the emergency medical toxicology department. A questionnaire was completed for all patients at the two time intervals. The results varied from 22222 to 33333 at initial management; at the time of discharge, this rating varied from 11111 to 11122. These significant changes occurred over just a few days. Conclusions:This study attempted to compare the course of acute poisonings with some other diseases to show how self-induced poisoning affects one's health perception, and how this change takes place over a short time.

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Catalogue of EQ-5D Scores for the United Kingdom

Cited by 294 publications

References 5 publications

Clinical Outcomes and Cost-effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure to Manage Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the U.K.

Clinical Outcomes and Cost-effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure to Manage Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the U.K.

Nicotine preloading for smoking cessation: the Preloading RCT

Preference-Based Health Valuation for Acute Poisoning: the Challenge of Very Acute Disease and Rapid Reversal of the Health State

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