Catalogue of vertebrated animals of Japan / by S. Okada.

Okada, S.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.12436

Cited by 40 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…We believe that the most likely function of cecropins and other inducible antibacterial proteins in insects is to act as effector molecules of the immune system, partly analogous to the perforins and the complement system in vertebrates. The major Sarcophaga cecropin, identical to Drosophila cecropin A, is known to disrupt bacterial cell membranes (Okada and Natori, 1985b). Using chemically synthesized peptides we have confirmed this observation (unpublished data), and are now further investigating the biological activity of the Drosophila cecropins.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The cecropin locus in Drosophila; a compact gene cluster involved in the response to infection.

1990

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Cecropins are antibacterial peptides that are synthesized in insects as a response to infection. As a first step towards a molecular study of the induction of this response, we have isolated genomic clones that cover the cecropin locus in Drosophila melanogaster. This locus was found to be unique, and it was mapped cytologically to the chromosomal location 99E. Sequence analysis showed it to be unusually compact, with three expressed genes and two pseudogenes within less than 4 kb of DNA, and with another homologous region less than 4 kb away. Two of the genes, A1 and A2, encode a product that is identical to the major cecropin from Sarcophaga peregrina, while the cecropin encoded by the B gene differs in five positions. Cecropin transcripts appear within an hour after bacteria have been injected into the hemocoel, reach a maximum after 2‐6 h, and have almost disappeared again after 24 h. The B gene is induced in parallel with the A genes, but on a lower level. The cecropin genes were also induced when the flies were kept on food with the Drosophila pathogenic bacterium Serratia marcescens Db10 or its non‐pathogenic derivative Db1140.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The cecropin locus in Drosophila; a compact gene cluster involved in the response to infection.

1990

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“…A new experimental result [10] from KEK seems to have solved that puzzle, disagreeing with three older measurements and showing good agreement with the smooth trend of the level shifts in heavier nuclei. Its 2p level shift seemed anomalously large and repulsive compared to that for all other nuclides, with implications for the kaon-nucleon effective interaction in nuclei.…”

Section: Exotic Atomscontrasting

confidence: 55%

CIPANP 2006 Low Energy Hadron Physics Summary

Schumacher¹

2006

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Recent results in the areas of hypernuclear physics, exotic atoms, photo-and electroproduction of light mesons and baryons, and medium modifications of meson properties were presented at this conference. Facility highlights presentations were given for five laboratories: the ELSA complex at Bonn, the LEPS facility at SPring-8, the CLAS facility at Jefferson Lab, the MAMI complex at Mainz, and the COSY complex at Jülich. These talks collectively showed remarkably active programs at all these laboratories, as well as at BNL, KEK, PSI, and Frascati. No "brand new" results were reported at this conference.

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“…Numerous lentoid bodies were formed also without any topographical relationship with N-cell clusters. It is highly probable that such lentoid bodies originated from E-cells (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cultures of 3.5-day-old NR lentoids, pigment cells') lentoids, pigment cells lentoids few3) lentoids, pigment cells fews) Cultures of 8-day-old NR 1) See (25); 2) See (8); 3) See (19) and (21) as to lentoid differentiation in some particular culture conditions. Transdifferentiation into lentoid cells occurred more extensively and more rapidly in cultures of 3.5-day-old NR cells than in those of 8-day-old cells (9, 10, 22).…”

Section: E-cells N-cells Non-differentiated Progenitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the question arises concerning which cell type can transdifferentiate into foreign cell types during further culturing. It was already shown by means of clonal cell culture that singly isolated E-cells havested from a sheet of 10-day cultures of a large number of NR cells of 8-day-old chick embryos can produce colonies (probably clones) with either lentoid bodies or pigment cells (8). However, the possiblity of transdifferentiation of lentoid bodies and/or pigment cells from N-cells has not yet been excluded.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Can Once Neuronally Differentiated Cells of Neural Retina Be Lentoidogenic in Cell Culture?*. (neural retina/transdifferentiation/lens differentiation/merocyanine)

et al. 1982

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Cells dissociated from neural retina of 3.5-day-old chick embryos transdifferentiated extensively into lens cells under the conditions of a cell culture for 3 to 4 weeks. In early satges of cell culture by about 10 days, cultures consisted of small round cells often with cytoplasmic processes(N-cells) and flattened epithelial cells (E-cells). Only N-cells were stained with a fluorescent dye Merocyanine 540. When cells harvested from early cultures were separated into two fractions by centrifugation in Percoll gradient, the specific activity of choline acetyltransferase was much higher in the fraction Neural retina (NR) cells of vertebrate embryos achieve the overt change of the state of differentiation and transdifferentiate into lens and/or pigment cells, when the dissociated cells are maintained for long period (3-5 weeks) in the condition of a stationary culture. This phenomenon first discovered by OKADA et al. ( 3 ; cf. also 4 for the preliminary finding) has attracted much attention as a potential system which may provide an insight into the mechanism of cell differentiation in general (Reviews; 5, 6).Although substantial information concerning a number of extrinsic factors controlling the process of transdifferentiation of lens in vitro as well as biochemical events of the process ha's been available, the problem of cell type origin of the "transdifferentiable" cells remains to be answered. From the embryonic period onward, NR is a heterogeneous cell population. When dissociated NR cells were placed in cell culture, at least two distinct cell types were differentiated in early stage; i.e., epithelial cells establishing a monolyer sheet upon the culture substrate (E-cells) and small round cells with or without cytoplasmic processes of various lengths (N-cells) (3, 7). Thus, the question arises concerning which cell type can transdifferentiate into foreign cell types during further culturing. It was already shown by means of clonal cell culture that singly isolated E-cells havested from a sheet of 10-day cultures of a large number of NR cells of 8-day-old chick embryos can produce colonies (probably clones) with either lentoid bodies or pigment cells (8). However, the possiblity of transdifferentiation of lentoid bodies and/or pigment cells from N-cells has not yet been excluded. An aim of the present work is to examine * A part of the present results was reported in a preliminary form (1, 2).

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Catalogue of vertebrated animals of Japan / by S. Okada.

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

The cecropin locus in Drosophila; a compact gene cluster involved in the response to infection.

The cecropin locus in Drosophila; a compact gene cluster involved in the response to infection.

CIPANP 2006 Low Energy Hadron Physics Summary

Can Once Neuronally Differentiated Cells of Neural Retina Be Lentoidogenic in Cell Culture?*. (neural retina/transdifferentiation/lens differentiation/merocyanine)

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