Catalysis, in the Oxidation of Lubricating Oil

Larsen, R. G.; Armfield, F. A.

doi:10.1021/ie50401a012

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…From Dornte's results it is apparent that the oxidation of white oils is an autocatalytic process; that there is an induction period due to naturally occurring antioxidants ; that one may lengthen this period by adding antioxidants ; that the reaction proceeds at a nearly normal rate after the induc tion period has passed ; and that the rate of the reaction varies little through a wide range of oxygen tensions. Larsen and Armfield (1943), working with lubricating oils, found that oxidation stability of an oil is not achieved by removal of "unstable aromatics" (by refining), but rather that it results from the presence of natural antioxi dants that stabilize the relatively reactive hydrocarbons constituting the bulk of such an oil. These results are confirmed by the work of Fenske and his coworkers (1941) and of von Fuchs and Diamond (1942).…”

Section: Eilgardiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such reactions are apparently induced by light and tem perature, and although oxygen is required, apparently certain changes (in duction ) may go on with only a limited supply present, leading up to a very rapid change when the oil is brought in contact with an unlimited supply. This later active stage may respond to metallic catalysts (Larsen and Armfield, 1943).…”

Section: Eilgardiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbicidal properties of oils

Crafts¹,

Reiber²

1948

Hilg

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carrot, celery, parsnip, parsley, and anise are so resistant that stove oil is used as a selective spray to kill weeds in them. Even these crops are injured by oils heavier than stove oil. Toxicity also varies with temperature, being higher during hot sunny weather than on cool days.Oil residues are distasteful on crops. If a selective stove-oil spray has been applied late in the growing season, there may be insufficient time for the resi due to be dissipated and the product may be unacceptable on the market. On carrots the stove-oil spray must be applied while the seedlings have one to four true leaves ; later applications leave an oily residue undesirable in the cooked vegetable. The question is often asked : Can the manufacturer produce an oil that will be nontoxic to carrots and will leave no objectionable residue? Another common inquiry is whether oils might serve as selective herbicides on other crops.Fortified Oils. Research workers on herbicides have discovered several chemicals that will make oils more toxic and will broaden their applicability to oil-tolerant weed species. Since the use of such "fortifying" agents is relatively new, information is needed concerning the type most desirable for various weed populations, the quantities most economical to use, the kind of oil best suited to combine with them, and the proper amendments required to render the herbicidal mixture most compatible with the methods of application.New Types of Oils. Finally, new oil fractions and even new oils are being made available for weed control. The users need help in fitting these new prod ucts into the general schemes of weed control employed in the regions where each product will be marketed.Scope and Purpose of This Study. As this brief introduction shows, there are many uses for oils in weed control, and oil products fulfill needs that other chemicals cannot satisfy. For efficiency, however, the properties of these oils must be understood; only thorough tests can clarify the relation between tox icity and chemical composition, particularly with respect to selective action on different plant species.The research described in this paper is a preliminary survey and does not attempt a detailed treatment subject to statistical analysis. Presentation of data has been organized on a topic basis to center around oil types rather than crops, weeds, or weed-control methods. Later papers, of a more popular type, will describe the more practical aspects of the use of oils in weed control. These will stress crops, weeds, and control methods. COMPOSITION OF OILSClassification of Oils. Oils may be classified in many ways. Naturally occur ring oils of prehistoric origin are petroleum, shale oil, and gas-drip oil. These may find their way into the herbicide field in practically their natural condi tion; various fractions are commonly used; and altered oils (produced by destructive distillation, cracking, or catalytic synthesis) may be employed.Petroleum is largely composed of the chemical compounds collectively named hydrocarbons, toget...

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Section: Eilgardiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eilgardiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicidal properties of oils

Crafts¹,

Reiber²

1948

Hilg

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show abstract

“…It can be seen from Table 1 that the viscosity of the PAO oil sample mixed with antioxidants was slightly greater than PAO base oil, which may be due to the steric structure of the antioxidant dissolved increasing the flow resistance of the lubricating oil [9][10][11]. Enhancing the temperature, the viscosity of the PAO base oil decreased gradually, what's more, when the temperature rose to above 230 o C it declined sharply.…”

Section: Changes Of Kinematic Viscosity and Acid Value Of The Oil Samplementioning

confidence: 94%

Studies on Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Lubricating Oils

Zong

Fei³

2017

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract.Simulating the operating condition of aviation engine via autoclave experiment of high temperature and pressure, we studied the physic-chemical property of poly-α-olefin base oil samples mixed with antioxidants of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and p,p'-diisooctyl diphenylamine at different temperature. The mechanism of degradation of PAO aviation lubricating oil was analyzed according to the oxidized products by modern analytical instruments. The results showed that the aviation lubricating oil produced a large number of low molecule compounds while increasing the temperature, and resulted in the viscosity decreasing and acid value increasing which indicated that the thermal oxidation of the oil sample underwent a radical process.

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“…Many factors, which include refining conditions, viscosity index (VI), sulphur content, clay treatment, catalysis by metals and hydrocarbon struc ture, were all investigated in the 1940s and led to the development of relationships between mineral oil composition and oxidisability [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Solvent extraction removes aromatic components and improves the VI and the colour of oils and reduces the tendency to form sludge.…”

Section: Effect Of Basestock Composition On Oxidation Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The catalytic effects of solid and soluble lead have been studied by various workers [7,11,13,92,96,97] and it is generally recognized that solid lead and copper are much more readily solubilized than solid iron and oil oxidation is due primarily to homogeneous catalysis by the oil-soluble metal complexes, formed by corrosion, rather than heterogeneous catalytic effects on the surface of the metals.…”

Section: Metal Catalysis In Bench Oxidation Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lubricating Oil Oxidation and Stabilisation

Colclough¹

1993

Atmospheric Oxidation and Antioxidants

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Catalysis, in the Oxidation of Lubricating Oil

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Herbicidal properties of oils

Herbicidal properties of oils

Studies on Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Lubricating Oils

Lubricating Oil Oxidation and Stabilisation

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