Catalysis with a palladium giant cluster: phenol oxidative carbonylation to diphenyl carbonate conjugated with reductive nitrobenzene conversion

DNA‐Based Assembly of Metal Nanoparticles

“…[32,33] 36 O 200 ] (phen* = bathophenanthroline and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). [34,35] These particles show an extremely narrow particle-size distribution and the idealised formulae of these compounds refer to the so-called geometric magic numbers. According to this model, the metal atoms tend to form a closed geometry of densest sphere packing, where one central atom is surrounded by a closed shell of 12 atoms as next neighbours and a second shell of 42 atoms surrounds this 13-atom arrangement to give a total of 55 atoms, and so on.…”

Nitrobenzene transformations in the carbonylation reaction in the presence of the PdCl2/Fe/I2/Py catalyst system

“…It is known that to carry out a carbonylation reaction a compound is required which will abstract a hydrogen atom from an aniline molecule. Beside the common oxidant, oxygen [37,38], nitrobenzene [39] and iodine [40] were used in this capacity. Diphenylurea was obtained as a carbonylation product, when the reaction was conducted in chlorobenzene, or carbamate when the reaction was run in ethanol.…”

Recent Advances in Metal Nanoparticles Stabilization into Nanopores of Montmorillonite and Their Catalytic Applications for Fine Chemicals Synthesis

“…Nanostructured colloidal metals require protective agents for stabilization and to prevent agglomeration. The main classes of protective groups are: polymers and block copolymers (152)(153)(154)(155); phosphines, amines, thioethers (156)(157)(158)(159)(160)(161)(162)(163)(164)(165)(166)(167)(168); propylene carbonate (169); long chain alcohols (170)(171)(172)(173)(174)(175)(176)(177)(178)(179)(180)(181)(182); surfactants (156,(183)(184)(185)(186)(187)(188)(189)(190)(191)(192); and organometallics (193).…”