Catalyst characterization and catalytic evaluation of 3wt%Al-KIT-6 toward biomass-derived γ-valerolactone decarboxylation to butene

Synthesis of Porous Amorphous SiO2−Al2O3 Solid Acid Catalyst for Efficiently Catalyzing GVL Decarboxylation to Butene

“…When the reaction time was 150 min, the butene yield increased to 86 %. The satisfactory catalytic activity of ASA(Si/Al=20) catalyst was obtained when the react time was 180 min, and the butene yield was 90 %, which is 10 % and 6 % higher than that over the 3 wt %Al‐KIT‐6 [13a,b] and 2.23 wt %Al‐SBA‐15 catalysts [13a,b] published by our group at same reaction condition. When the reaction time was extended to 210 min, the catalytic activity did not change significantly.…”

“…Besides, all resulting by‐products are liquids (>C 5 ). The gaseous products of the reaction are only butene and CO 2 [13b] . Therefore, the butene yield ( Y (C4) %) and the GVL conversions ( Conv .%) can be calculated according to the mass conservation, as shown in equations (1) and 2: $$$\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr {{\bf Y}}_{\left({\bf C}4\right)}{\rm \char37 }={{{\bf n}\left(actual{\rm \ }butene{\rm \ }output\right)}\over{{\bf n}\left(theoretical{\rm \ }butene{\rm \ }output\right)}}\hfill\cr ={{({{\bf m}}_{0}-{{\bf m}}_{1})/{{\bf M}}_{{\bf G V L}}}\over{{{\bf m}}_{0}/{{\bf M}}_{{\bf G V L}}}}={{100.12\cdot{}({{\bf m}}_{0}-{{\bf m}}_{1})}\over{100.12\cdot{}{{\bf m}}_{0}}}\times 100\hskip0.17em{\rm \char37 }\ \hfill\cr}}$$$ $$$\vcenter{\openup.5em\halign{$\displaystyle{#}$\cr {\bf C o n v}.$$…”

“…In recent years, our research group has also begun to work on catalytic decarboxylation of GVL to butene [13] . Several catalyst, such as 2.23 wt %Al‐SBA‐15, [13a] 3 wt %Al‐KIT‐6 [13b] and K‐4Al catalysts, [13c] were prepared and investigated for the reaction. In this work, a porous amorphous SiO 2 −Al 2 O 3 (ASA) solid acid catalyst was quickly and easily synthesized by the sol‐gel method and applied for catalyzing GVL to butene reaction.…”