Catalysts for gasification: a review

Arnold, Ross A.; Hill, Josephine M.

doi:10.1039/c8se00614h

Cited by 91 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 419 publications

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“…As the temperature of gasification increases from 800 • C, the rate of Na released into the gas phase increases in a non-linear fashion. This is because Na released to the gas phase at lower temperatures is transferred to the produced char-forming channels in the carbon interface during gasification [24], often forming larger mesopores than other alkali metals. This makes sodium, much like potassium and calcium, an edge-recession catalyst [24,25].…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because Na released to the gas phase at lower temperatures is transferred to the produced char-forming channels in the carbon interface during gasification [24], often forming larger mesopores than other alkali metals. This makes sodium, much like potassium and calcium, an edge-recession catalyst [24,25]. It has been shown that the presence of Na can effectively catalyze the water-gas shift reaction (CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2 ), a mildly exothermic reaction, boosting the production of CO 2 and H 2 [24].…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This makes sodium, much like potassium and calcium, an edge-recession catalyst [24,25]. It has been shown that the presence of Na can effectively catalyze the water-gas shift reaction (CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2 ), a mildly exothermic reaction, boosting the production of CO 2 and H 2 [24]. Although seen as less active than K for gasification, the Na present from the LP should provide a promotional effect on the gasification.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing Synergies between Lignin-Rich and Cellulose Compounds for Gasification

et al. 2020

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The fixed-bed gasification of lignin-rich and -deficient mixtures was carried out to probe the synergistic effects between two model compounds, Lignin Pink (LP) rich in Na and Cellulose Microcrystalline (CM). Reaction conditions utilized the most commonly used air ratios in current wood gasifiers at 750 and 850 °C. It was found that by increasing the lignin content in the mixture, there was a selectivity change from solid to gas products, contrary to a similar study previously carried out for pyrolysis. This change in product mix was promoted by the catalytic effect of Na edge recession deposits on the surface of the char. As a result, the water gas shift reaction was enhanced at 850 °C for the LP48CM52 mixture across all air ratios. This was evidenced by a strong correlation between the produced H2 and COx. Meanwhile, by lowering the lignin content in the mixtures, the reactivity of cellulose microcrystalline was found to generate more char at higher temperatures, similar to lignin mixtures when undergoing pyrolysis.

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Section: Sample Preparation and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Preparation and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Preparation and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing Synergies between Lignin-Rich and Cellulose Compounds for Gasification

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, these disposal practices jeopardize the land security and threaten the air safety (Wong et al 2018). Recognizing the aforementioned issues and considering the various disposal methods, the gasi cation technologies have attracted attentions due to their ability to convert carbonaceous waste to valuable products (Arnold and Hill 2019). However, the conventional gasi cation process has many drawbacks such as a demand for pure oxygen, external heat supplementation and high tar content than other methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syngas production by chemical-looping gasification of waste activated carbon with iron-based oxygen carrier

Xiao¹,

An²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Waste activated carbon (WAC), as a typical solid waste, can be utilized by chemical looping gasification (CLG) technology with an iron-based oxygen carrier to produce valuable synthesis gas products. A series of experiments on WAC of the CLG process were carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The operation parameters involving the OC/WAC mole ratio, steam flow rate and reaction temperature during WAC CLG reactions were investigated in detail. Further, the cyclic performance within 10 cycles was also discussed. Fresh and other representative oxygen carrier samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization methods. The results showed that the optimal OC/WAC mole ratio, steam flow rate and reaction temperature were determined to be 0.15, 0.10 mL/min, and 950 °C, respectively, to obtain high-quality syngas with relatively high carbon conversion. The iron-based oxygen carrier exhibited a stable cyclic performance during the multiple tests, following the reaction path of Fe2O3→Fe0.98O in the individual reduction process. Moreover, the iron-based oxygen carrier could be oxidized almost to its initial state after 10 redox tests, and no obvious sintering and agglomeration phenomena were observed. The WAC of CLG presents a new approach for the comprehensive utilization and disposal of solid waste, especially with low volatile feedstocks.

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“…Furthermore, these discarded waste activated carbons (WACs) are commonly disposed for landfills and via open burning treatment, which practices jeopardize the land security and threaten the air safety (Wong et al 2018). Recognizing the aforementioned issues and considering the various disposal methods, the chemical looping gasification (CLG) technologies have attracted attentions due to their ability to convert carbonaceous waste to valuable products (Arnold andHill 2019, Wang et al 2019). Typically, WAC has the advantages of high carbon content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syngas production by chemical-looping gasification of waste activated carbon with iron-based oxygen carrier

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Waste activated carbon (WAC), as a typical solid waste, can be utilized by chemical looping gasification (CLG) technology with an iron-based oxygen carrier to produce valuable synthesis gas. A series of experiments on WAC of the CLG process have been carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The operation parameters involving the OC/WAC mole ratio, steam flow rate and reaction temperature during CLG reactions have been investigated in detail. Further, the cyclic performance within 10 cycles has been also discussed. Fresh and cyclic reaction oxygen carrier samples have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In order to obtain high-quality syngas with high carbon conversion, the optimal of OC/WAC mole ratio, steam flow rate and reaction temperature are 0.15, 0.10 mL/min, and 950 °C, respectively. The iron-based oxygen carrier exhibits a stable cyclic performance during the multiple tests, following the reaction path of Fe2O3→Fe0.98O in the individual reduction process. Moreover, the iron-based oxygen carrier could be oxidized almost to its initial state after 10 redox tests. No obvious sintering and agglomeration phenomena are observed. The WAC of CLG presents a new approach for the comprehensive utilization and disposal of solid waste, especially with low volatile feedstock.

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Catalysts for gasification: a review

Abstract: Gasification catalysts, either intrinsic to the feed or added, are discussed as to their advantages, disadvantages, and interactions.

Cited by 91 publications

References 419 publications

Probing Synergies between Lignin-Rich and Cellulose Compounds for Gasification

Probing Synergies between Lignin-Rich and Cellulose Compounds for Gasification

Syngas production by chemical-looping gasification of waste activated carbon with iron-based oxygen carrier

Syngas production by chemical-looping gasification of waste activated carbon with iron-based oxygen carrier

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