Catalytic abatement of emissions from small-scale combustion of wood: A comparison of the catalytic effect in model and real flue gases

Characterization and integration of oxidation catalysts at small-scale biomass combustion furnaces

“…The compound methane, which has usually the highest share in VOC flue gas concentration from biomass combustion systems [14,25], is most difficult to oxidize. In this context, a high conversion rate for all VOC except methane [17] and also a fast deactivation of catalysts solely for the oxidation of methane [19] has been observed. Beside the reduction of gaseous pollutants by catalysis also particulate matter (PM) can be removed from the flue gas.…”

“…Most of the described samples consisted of platinum and palladium on ceramic or metallic support materials often with an -Al 2 O 3 -washcoat. In contrast to that, Bensaid et al [16] and Carnö et al [17] analyzed lanthanumchromium-perovskites and copper-manganese-oxides. In general, noble metals show a significant higher oxidation activity, though metal oxides can be beneficial with respect to their stability under some conditions.…”

“…In general, noble metals show a significant higher oxidation activity, though metal oxides can be beneficial with respect to their stability under some conditions. The direct comparison of a platinum with a coppermanganese-oxides containing catalyst showed a considerably higher activity for carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds oxidation of the noble metal version [17].…”

“…However, there is only rare documentation of the long-term stability and no comprehensive analysation of the behaviour from the used catalysts during the manifold conditions occurring in stoves and boilers. The major part of described research in literature deals with the effect of catalysts at single-room heaters [9,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Only some results have been presented from boilers with catalysts [21][22][23].…”

“…If the catalyst is applied downstream of a stove, temperatures between 250 and 500 °C can be present [14,16,20]. When the catalyst position is inside the furnace, the temperature can rise up to 750-850 °C [9,17,22], dependent on the distance to the flame. Since the highest pollutant emissions are generated during start and burnout phases, when the temperatures are low, catalyst heating systems are sometimes applied to gain higher pollutant reduction [14,[21][22][23].…”