“…Transition metal phosphides (TMPs, TM = Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, W, and Cu), which were widely applied in various hydrotreating processes, such as hydrodesulfurization, hydrodeoxygenation, and hydrodenitrogenation, − have recently gained considerable interest as potential catalysts for HER. − The pioneering research by Paseka , and Burchardt demonstrated that amorphous transition metal (e.g., Ni, Co, and Fe) phosphorus “alloys” are electrocatalytically active in promoting the HER at relatively high overpotentials in alkaline media. In 2005, inspired by the HER catalytic activity of [NiFe] hydrogenase, Liu and Rodriguez predicted that Ni 2 P(001) could be an excellent catalytic surface toward HER, even better than the benchmarking Pt-group catalyst.…”