Catalytic Activity of CuFe₂O₄ Spinel Oxide for Liquid‐Phase Oxidation of Cinnamyl Alcohol

Abstract

CuFe 2 O 4 spinel oxide catalyst was synthesized by sol-gel and co-precipitation methods for liquid phase oxidation of Cinnamyl alcohol (CnOH) to Cinnamaldehydes (CnHO) using tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidising agent. Spinel oxide catalyst was characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 adsorption-desorption, BET surface area, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to understand the structural, physical properties and oxidation state of the catalyst. The result shows that catalyst prepared by sol-gel method was found higher surface area and smaller crystalline size than co-precipitation method. XPS data confirm the formation of Cu 2 + in the spinel which helps to improve the catalytic activity of oxidation. This reaction follows radical mechanism, and exhibited 76.7 % of CnOH conversion and 68.4 % of CnHO, and 24.8 % benzaldehyde (benzald) selectivity using TBHP at 60 °C. Kinetic data reveal that 41.2 kJ/mol of activation energy for the reaction. The higher activity of spinel oxide catalyst could be due synergetic effect of spinel (88 %) and oxides (12 %) formed in the catalyst, which helps to provide the oxygen during reaction. The contribution of Cu 2 + is higher in sol-gel than co-precipitation, which may provide the better reactivity of catalyst. This work helps to select the effective and cost-effective catalyst for the oxidation of CnOH.

Electrochemical charge storage properties of novel inverse spinel (CuNiZnAlFe)3O4 type high entropy oxide

“…For the Cu 2p spectrum, two satellite peaks have been assigned at the binding energies of 962.3 and 942.55 eV. Moreover, Cu 2p 1/2 and Cu 2p 3/2 are the two spin‐orbit peaks centered at a binding energy of 953.7 and 933.9 eV of the Cu +2 state, as shown in Figure 4D 25 . Figure 4E shows the Al 2p spectra.…”

“…Moreover, Cu 2p 1/2 and Cu 2p 3/2 are the two spin-orbit peaks centered at a binding energy of 953.7 and 933.9 eV of the Cu +2 state, as shown in Figure 4D. 25 Figure 4E shows the Al 2p spectra. The center peaks at 73.98 eV binding energy, corresponding to the Al +3 state.…”