Catalytic Activity of FeMoNi Ternary Sulfide Supported on a Nanoparticulate Carbon in the Liquefaction of Indonesian Coals

Abstract

A series of ternary sulfide catalysts of Fe, Mo, and Ni supported on a nanoparticulate carbon, Ketjen Black (KB), have been shown to be as active as sulfided Mo and Ni catalysts containing significantly greater quantities of Mo for the liquefaction of some Indonesian coals. Thus, it is possible to retain a high catalytic activity when replacing some expensive Mo by cheap Fe. Under the reaction conditions of 450 °C and 15 MPa of H 2 pressure at solvent (tetralin)/coal/catalyst weight ratios of 1/1/0.03, FeMoNi catalyst (10% Fe, 5% Mo, and 2% Ni based on KB) provided an oil yield (wt %, daf) of 77% from liquefaction of Tanito Harum coal that is comparable to that obtained with NiMo (2% Ni and 10% Mo) supported on KB. It is found that Fe-based KB catalysts have the high activity even with a smaller amount of expensive Mo. The activity of the catalyst for hydrogenation of 1-methylnaphthalene appeared to reflect the Mo content in the combination of Fe, Mo, and Ni on KB. The activity of FeMoNi/KB catalysts is slightly influenced by the order of metal impregnation sequences in the catalyst preparation procedure. The repeated use of the catalyst, recovered as a tetrahydrofuran-insoluble fraction including ash and unconverted coal, still provided high oil yield, suggesting that bottom recycle may markedly reduce the amount of catalyst used in the coal liquefaction.

The Effect of Activated Carbon Pellet on Hydrothermal Decarboxylation of Palm Olein into Renewable Diesel

“…Nevertheless, it is expensive and limited in quantity, leading to finding alternatives to reach cost-effective production, that is, non-noble metal catalysts. Among the non-noble metal sources, activated carbon is majorly used as support since it has a high surface area, performs as a reinforcing site for the active metal sites, and can chemically absorb the reactants due to consisting of various functional groups on its surface, either having acidic or basic characteristics 5,13,14) . Activated carbon has also been successfully made into composites as a gasoline absorbent agent 15) .…”

Colombian metallurgical coke as catalysts support of the direct coal liquefaction

“…A catalyst useful in DCL should promote hydrogenation, cracking, hydrocracking and the removal of heteroatoms reactions. The catalysts most used in the DCL are iron sulfides due to its low cost although its activity is not the highest [4]. From the studies carried out with bulk catalysts, catalysts impregnated directly on the coal to be liquefied and supported catalysts [5,6,7], it is inferred that, the latter are preferred because they are suitable for hydrogenating the coal, reduce operating costs, increase the dispersion of the active phase and some supports allow the recovery of the metal; however, they are rapidly deactivated by deposition of carbonaceous material on the active phase [3].…”

Influence of the Iron Proportion on the Efficiency of an Oil-Soluble Ni–Fe Catalyst Applied in the Co-liquefaction of Lignite and Heavy Residue

“…Meanwhile, the synergy between nickel and molybdenum sulfides was also proposed as realizable in residue slurry hydroconversion due to the interaction between weakly stacked MoS 2 slabs and the nanoparticles of Ni 3 S 2 acting as supports . Several studies indicated that the incorporation of iron to molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, and nickel, is relatively easy. , However, the synergetic effects between iron and the second metal on hydrodesulfurization activity were not remarkable. , As for the coal liquefaction performance, Fe–Ni sulfides produced similar hydrogenation activity to the Ni–Mo sulfides for the coal liquefaction with tetralin, reaching a high oil yield of around 70%; , the order of metal impregnation is known to influence the activity of the catalyst. , FeNi-S/γ-Al 2 O 3 facilitated the formation of active hydrogen atoms as well as further subsequent radical hydrogen transfers, and thus more organic matter in the bituminous coal was converted into a soluble portion through catalytic hydroconversion . Recently, we showed that oil-soluble Fe–Ni catalyst precursors exhibit a significant effect on the inhibition of coke formation during the co-processing of coal and heavy oil .…”

“…24,25 As for the coal liquefaction performance, Fe−Ni sulfides produced similar hydrogenation activity to the Ni−Mo sulfides for the coal liquefaction with tetralin, reaching a high oil yield of around 70%; 26,27 the order of metal impregnation is known to influence the activity of the catalyst. 28,29 FeNi-S/γ-Al 2 O 3 facilitated the formation of active hydrogen atoms as well as further subsequent radical hydrogen transfers, and thus more organic matter in the bituminous coal was converted into a soluble portion through catalytic hydroconversion. 30 Recently, we showed that oil-soluble Fe− Ni catalyst precursors exhibit a significant effect on the inhibition of coke formation during the co-processing of coal and heavy oil.…”