Catalytic and biocatalytic degradation of microplastics

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a surge in annual plastic production, which has contributed to growing environmental challenges, particularly in the form of microplastics. Effective management of plastic and microplastic waste has become a critical concern, necessitating innovative strategies to address its impact on ecosystems and human health. In this context, catalytic degradation of microplastics emerges as a pivotal approach that holds significant promise for mitigating the persistent effects of plastic pollution. In this article, we critically explored the current state of catalytic degradation of microplastics and discussed the definition of degradation, characterization methods for degradation products, and the criteria for standard sample preparation. Moreover, the significance and effectiveness of various catalytic entities, including enzymes, transition metal ions (for the Fenton reaction), nanozymes, and microorganisms are summarized. Finally, a few key issues and future perspectives regarding the catalytic degradation of microplastics are proposed.

Porous Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Photocatalysts for Antibiotic Degradation

“…The discovery of antibiotics has significantly advanced human medicine by effectively neutralizing pathogenic microorganisms [1][2][3][4]. This has proved to be a powerful tool in the medical field, as antibiotics have provided a way to combat various infectious diseases [5][6][7]. Unfortunately, people have become reliant on antibiotics, leading to their excessive use [8][9][10].…”

“…In recent years, several options have been employed to combat antibiotic pollution, such as flocculation, membrane separation, adsorption, and biodegradation [12]. Nevertheless, the practical application of these methods has been restricted due to their high cost, poor stability and low recyclability [5]. Thus, developing new techniques to manage antibiotic contamination in both environmental and chemical domains continues to pose a challenge [13][14][15].…”