Catalytic and ortho-directing effect of Zn2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, and Ca2+ metal hydroxides on the preparation of phenolic-formaldehyde resin

Chen, Zhangmin; Hanjiang, Cai; Pan, Yanhong; Chen, Yuhe; Guo, R.; Li, Jingpeng; He, Sheng; Han, Jian

doi:10.1080/01694243.2018.1500158

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[2][3][4][5] However, traditional PRs face challenges such as low curing rate and high brittleness. [6][7][8] To address these issues, researchers have explored the use of metal ions, 9,10 hardeners, 11,12 and resorcinol 13,14 to enhance the curing rate of PRs. Resorcinol, in particular, has proven to be the most effective modifier, but its inclusion significantly raises the cost of the resulting PRs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired strategy for the fabrication of fast‐curing, tough, and high‐strength phenolic resins

Li,

Zhu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phenolic resins (PRs) find extensive use in adhesives and constructions, but they suffer from low curing rate and high brittleness. Herein, we drew inspiration from the lobster sclerotization process and proposed a simple approach to fabricate PRs by integrating pyrogallol‐functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (PG@GnPs), amine‐terminated hyperbranched phosphonitrilic chloride trimer (HPNC), and phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin. The resulting PRs exhibited significant improvements in comprehensive performance. The onset curing temperature decreased from 115.6 to 101.7°C, while the adhesion work increased by 126.5% and the toughness increased by 494%. Additionally, the wet bonding strength increased by 68.7% and the flexural strength increased by 208%. The accelerated curing rate was attributable to the oxidative crosslinking between catechol moieties in pyrogallol and amino groups in HPNC under alkaline conditions, as well as the high reactivity between pyrogallol or amino groups and PF chains. The outstanding mechanical properties were resulted from the synergistic enhancement effects of PG@GnPs and HPNC, which effectively transferred and absorbed energy upon loading. Overall, this work presented an attractive design strategy for developing high‐performance and multifunctional polymer composites.Highlights A bioinspired strategy was proposed for preparing advanced phenolic resins. PG@GnPs were produced via a green and low‐cost ball milling method. Adhesion work and toughness increased by 126.5% and 494%, respectively. Bonding and flexural strength have improved by 68.7% and 208%, respectively. Significantly accelerated curing rate was achieved.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired strategy for the fabrication of fast‐curing, tough, and high‐strength phenolic resins

Li,

Zhu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A lot of modification research works have been done on the curing behavior of PF resin [ 3 ]. For example, urea [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], divalent metal ions [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], esters or carbonates [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], and biomass material [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Interestingly, urea can serve as an idea candidate due to its low cost to improve the curing properties of PF resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Addition of Amino-Terminated Highly Branched Polyurea on Curing Properties of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, a highly branched polyurea (HBP-NH2) similar to urea structure was introduced to phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin to accelerate itscuring speed The results of gel time and bonding strength were combined to obtain a good modified additional stage and amount of HBP-NH2. The relative molar mass changes of HBP-NH2-modified PF resin were investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The effects of HBP-NH2 on the curing of PF resin were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The effect of HBP-NH2 on the structure of PF resin was also investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectroscopy (13C-NMR). The test results show that the gel time of the modified PF resin was reduced by 32% and 51% at 110 °C and 130 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the addition of HBP-NH2 increased the relative molar mass of PF resin. The bonding strength test showed that the bonding strength of modified PF resin increased by 22% after soaking in boiling water (93 °C ± 2) for 3 h. The DSC and DMA analysis indicated that the curing peak temperature decreased from 137 °C to 102 °C, and the curing rate of the modified PF resin was also faster than that of the pure PF resin. The 13C-NMR results showed that HBP-NH2 in the PF resin reacted to produce a co-condensation structure. Finally, the possible reaction mechanism of HBP-NH2 for the modification of PF resin was given.

show abstract

Insight Understanding the Replacement Effect of Enzymatic‐Hydrolysis Residue Instead of Phenol for Preparing Phenol‐Formaldehyde Adhesive

Peng,

Cárdenas‐Oscanoa,

Dong

et al. 2024

Advanced Sustainable Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to valorize the enzymatic hydrolysis residues (EHR) from the bioethanol industry, this work studies the effects on the structure, properties as well as shear resistance of EHR‐based phenol formaldehyde (EPF) adhesives prepared from EHR instead of commercial phenol. 2D heteronuclear signal quantum coherence NMR (2D HSQC NMR) and 31P NMR analysis reveal that lignin in EHR (EHL) possesses a high amount of G and H units which contain 1.9 mmol g−1 active sites (reaction site with formaldehyde). Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) characterization shows that the instead proportions of EHR with 5–30% in EPF adhesives do not show great influence on the chemical structure type and main functional groups of the prepared adhesives. The shear strength measurement results show that the strength of the 10%‐EPF adhesive is significantly improved by 29% compared to phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) adhesive, which is due to EHL in adhesives enhanced the cross‐linking of polymer chains. This work emphasizes the potential benefits of using industrial EHR to develop cost‐effective phenol formaldehyde adhesive preparation schemes, therefore giving an additional value to waste from biorefineries.

show abstract

Catalytic and ortho-directing effect of Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ba²⁺, and Ca²⁺ metal hydroxides on the preparation of phenolic-formaldehyde resin

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Bioinspired strategy for the fabrication of fast‐curing, tough, and high‐strength phenolic resins

Bioinspired strategy for the fabrication of fast‐curing, tough, and high‐strength phenolic resins

Effects of the Addition of Amino-Terminated Highly Branched Polyurea on Curing Properties of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin

Insight Understanding the Replacement Effect of Enzymatic‐Hydrolysis Residue Instead of Phenol for Preparing Phenol‐Formaldehyde Adhesive

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About