“…The high catalytic activity of TiCl 4 is due to the formation of a nano-or microcrystalline Al 3 Ti phase obtained by the reaction between TiCl 4 and LiAlH 4 upon milling [35]. C-materials, (including carbon nano fibers (CNFs), graphitic nano fibers (GNFs), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, [38,39,42,51]) and metal halides, such as VBr 3 , VCl 3 , ZrCl 4 , NbF 5 , NiCl 2 , and K 2 TiF 6 [36,[41][42][43][44] were claimed to be able to destabilize LiAlH 4 , significantly reducing its dehydrogenation temperature in the different steps. Zhou et al [36] demonstrated by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) measurements that the onset dehydrogenation temperature of CeF 3 doped LiAlH 4 was sharply reduced by 90 [37], TiC [38,42], TiF 3 [43,47], TiO 2 [47], Nb 2 O 5 and Cr 2 O 3 [40], Fe [48], NbF 5 [41], NiCl 2 , and TiN [42,45] are added to LiAlH 4 , the first dehydrogenation step (4) is found to be exothermic.…”