Catalytic Application of Functionalized Bimetallic–Organic Frameworks with Phosphorous Acid Tags in the Synthesis of Pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridines

Abstract

Combining two different metals for the synthesis of a metal–organic framework (MOF) is a smart strategy for the architecture of new porous materials. Herein, a bimetal–organic framework (bimetal–MOFs) based on Fe and Co metals was synthesized. Then, phosphorous acid tags were decorated on bimetal–MOFs via a postmodification method as a new porous acidic functionalized catalyst. This catalyst was used for the synthesis of pyrazolo­[4,3-e]­pyridine derivatives as suitable drug candidates. The present study provides new insights into the architecture of novel porous heterogeneous catalysts based on a bimetal–organic framework (bimetal–MOFs). The type of final structures of catalyst and pyrazolo­[4,3-e]­pyridine derivatives were determined using different techniques such as fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), SEM-elemental mapping, N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH), thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), 1H NMR, and 13C NMR.

Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Imidacloprid Based on Iron Metal–Organic Frameworks of Mesoporous NH2-MIL-88b/Graphite Carbon Nitride Nanocomposites by Visible Light Driven in Aqueous Media

“…The absorption bands from 1200 to 1600 cm –1 (1244, 1322, 1414, 1462, and 1573 cm –1 ) and 1641 cm –1 can be related to C–N aromatic stretching and CN stretching, respectively. , For the NH 2 -MIL-88b­(Fe) sample, the symmetrical and asymmetrical vibrations of the NH 2 groups are indicated by absorption bands at 3463 and 3340 cm –1 . Also, the peaks at 1606, 1383, and 1581 cm –1 are attributed to the CO stretching mode and the carboxyl vibration. , The absorption bands at 1255 and 769 cm –1 indicate the C–N stretching and C–H bending vibration of the benzene ring, respectively. , In NH 2 -MCN, absorption bands at 800 cm –1 corresponding to g-C 3 N 4 appear in the mesoporous nanocomposite and become stronger with increasing percentage in the sample, indicating that g-C 3 N 4 is successfully incorporated into the structure.…”

Ti-based MOFs with acetic acid pendings as an efficient catalyst in the preparation of new spiropyrans with biological moieties

“…Tasked-specific design of porous catalysts has been our main research interest in recent years 40 – 51 . Functionalizing suitable substrates for the synthesis of efficient catalysts is one of the most important ways to improve catalytic abilities.…”

“… Entry Catalyst Amount of catalyst Time (min.) Yield (%) 1 CQDs-N(CH 2 PO 3 H 2 ) 2 52 10 mg 120 30 2 CQDs-N(CH 2 PO 3 H 2 ) 2 /SBA-15 53 10 mg 100 50 3 MIL88-B(Fe 2 /Co)-N(CH 2 PO 3 H 2 ) 2 40 10 mg 140 Trace 4 Ti-MOF-UR 44 10 mg 120 35 5 p- TSA 10 mol% 120 35 6 Piperidine 10 mol% 140 15 7 H 2 SO 4 10 mol% 200 – 8 NaOH 10 mol% 120 20 9 SSA 82 , 83 10 mg 200 – 10 Acetic acid 10 mol% …”

“…These strategies have significantly expanded the scope of MOF materials, allowing them to address various challenges in areas such as energy storage, environmental remediation, and biomedical applications 38 , 39 . In recent years, our research group introduced various tasked-specific catalysts by applying the post-modification method on MOFs 40 – 51 , carbon quantum data (CQDs) 52 , mesoporous 53 , 54 , and organic materials such as melamine 55 , uric acid 56 , and glycoluril 57 .…”

Synthesis and Application of Task-Specific Bimetal–Organic Frameworks in the Synthesis of Biological Active Spiro-Oxindoles

“…Due to their special structure, these porous compounds have distinctive features such as adjustable chemistry, pore size, large specific surface area, and very diverse structure. , This unique structure of MOFs has been used in various fields such as catalysis, − photocatalysis, , magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gas separation and storage, biotechnology, drug delivery, and other fields . The use of two or more metals in the MOFs structure, as a new generation complicated MOF hybrid, is significant and attractive in the development of nanomaterial architectures. , Due to their unique properties, these engineered nanostructures have more potential in catalytic and photocatalytic applications compared to monometallic MOFs. − Recently, various metals such as Zr, Co, Fe, and Ti have been used in bimetallic MOFs architecture. − These nanostructures have shown unique properties, and the limitations of monometallic MOFs can be compensated with such hybrid systems. Therefore, the expansion of these nanostructures can be necessary to improve the catalytic properties.…”