Catalytic Applications in the Production of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils

Sivasamy, A.; Cheah, Kien Yoo; Fornasiero, Paolo; Kemausuor, Francis; Zinoviev, Sergey; Miertus, Stanislav

doi:10.1002/cssc.200800253

Cited by 298 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 236 publications

(316 reference statements)

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“…Less favorable energy and problematic ecobalances are typical for biodiesel, prepared by transesterifi cation of vegetable oils with methanol, accompanied by glycerol byproduct formation. [ 21 ] Among emerging biofuels, bioethanol is produced by fermentation of sugar obtained from sugarcane or cellulose. Bioethanol represents a very versatile raw biomaterial for producing olefi n and diolefi n monomers such as ethylene, propylene, and butadiene.…”

Section: Strategies For Renewable Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Polymer Chemistry and Bio‐based Plastics: Dreams and Reality

Mülhaupt

2012

Macro Chemistry & Physics

604

415

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Dwindling fossil resources, surging energy demand and global warming stimulate growing demand for renewable polymer products with low carbon footprint. Going well beyond the limited scope of natural polymers, biomass conversion in biorefineries and chemical carbon dioxide fixation are teamed up with highly effective tailoring, processing and recycling of polymers. “Green monomers” from biorefineries, and “renewable oil”, gained from plastics' and bio wastes, render synthetic polymers renewable without impairing their property profiles and recycling. In context of biofuel production, limitations of the green economy concepts are clearly visible. Dreams and reality of “green polymers” are highlighted. Regardless of their new greenish touch, highly versatile and cost‐effective polymers play an essential role in sustainable development.

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Section: Strategies For Renewable Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Polymer Chemistry and Bio‐based Plastics: Dreams and Reality

Mülhaupt

2012

Macro Chemistry & Physics

604

415

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“…The last reason of CaO based catalysts deactivation is the collapse of the layered structure [17]. Mesoporous catalysts have received a great attention for biodiesel production because these materials offer a large accessible surface area for catalyst to react [52]. However, the mesopores of CaO based catalysts can be collapsed at moderate to high temperature [6].…”

Section: Deactivation Of Cao Based Catalysts Under Transesterificatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Oueda¹,

Bonzi-Coulibaly²,

Ouédraogo³

2017

MSA

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The activity of a catalyst in transestrification reaction usually declines with repeated uses and this limits the possibility to use it many times. This paper presents a review of various techniques used to evaluate the activity changes, the recycling processes for calcium and magnesium oxides based heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. The activity of calcium and magnesium oxides based catalysts declines due to leaching, surface or active sites poisoning by reactant or product molecules and modification of physical aspects. Physico-chemical methods (AAS, BET, CO 2 -TPD, EDS, FTIR, ICP-AES, SEM, TG/DTA and XRD) were used to check the catalyst modification and to confirm the deactivation. When separated from the reaction mixture by filtration, the catalyst could be reused without any treatment or recycled by washing, drying or/and recalcination. Between various recycling processes for calcium and magnesium oxides based catalysts, mixed oxides showed less leaching and performed FAME or FAEE yield >90% with reusability.

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“…Moreover, one of the main problems with heterogeneous catalysts is their deactivation with time owing to many possible phenomena, such as poisoning, coking, sintering, and leaching (Sivasamy et al, 2009). The problem of poisoning is particularly evident when the process involves used oils (Lam et al, 2010).…”

Section: Review Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Refaat

2010

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

263

158

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Biodiesel production is worthy of continued study and optimization of production procedures due to its environmentally beneficial attributes and its renewable nature. Heterogeneous transesterification is considered to be a green process. The process requires neither catalyst recovery nor aqueous treatment steps and very high yields of methyl esters can be obtained, close to the theoretical value. However, heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification generally requires more severe operating conditions, and the performance of heterogeneous catalysts is generally lower than that of the commonly used homogeneous catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysis for biodiesel production has been extensively investigated in the last few years. Many metal oxides have been studied for the transesterification process of oils; these include alkali earth metal oxides, transition metal oxides, mixed metal oxides and supported metal oxides. The use of solid metal oxides as catalysts in oil transesterification is well established, accordingly, researchers' attempts are now focused on how to attain the highest catalyst activity. Catalyst activity is a function of its specific surface area, base strength and base site concentration. High specific surface area, strong base strength and high concentration of base sites are characteristics of an active transesterification catalyst. This review provides a brief overview of the different metal oxides frequently used in the process of transesterification of oils for the production of biodiesel with special reference to the various methods of catalyst preparation and catalyst characterization. Reaction conditions and catalyst leaching analysis are also highlighted. Finally, concluding remarks regarding catalyst selection and catalyst preparation steps are provided.

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Catalytic Applications in the Production of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils

Cited by 298 publications

References 236 publications

Green Polymer Chemistry and Bio‐based Plastics: Dreams and Reality

Green Polymer Chemistry and Bio‐based Plastics: Dreams and Reality

Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

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