Catalytic applications of red mud, an aluminium industry waste: A review

Sushil, Snigdha; Batra, Vidya S.

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2007.12.002

Cited by 308 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 105 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

145

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The main alkaline anions buffering the RM are HCO 3 − /CO 3 2− , Al(OH) 4 2 or WA were added in the RM.…”

Section: Pre-acidification Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, 1-1.5 tons of red mud (RM) will be produced with each ton of alumina produced. RM has accumulated over the years and caused serious environmental problem because of its high alkalinity and large amount [2]. Although researches have focused on the reutilization of RM [3][4][5], large amounts of RM are still disposed during alumina production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Industrial waste acid (WA) is a low-cost byproduct. Therefore, CO 2 and WA were used as the cost-effective acidifier in this work. The arsenic contained RM samples were collected from the No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of arsenic immobilization in red mud by CO2 or waste acid acidification combined ferrous (Fe2+) treatment

Wang

Peng

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The main alkaline anions buffering the RM are HCO 3 − /CO 3 2− , Al(OH) 4 2 or WA were added in the RM.…”

Section: Pre-acidification Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of arsenic immobilization in red mud by CO2 or waste acid acidification combined ferrous (Fe2+) treatment

Wang

Peng

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Each unit was filled with a mixture of RM and soil as the medium after homogeneous mixing. Due to its strong alkalinity, the pH of RM ranges from 11 to 12, which declines the efficiency of the removal of phosphorus [3]. Therefore, the addition ratios of RM (% wt) in the media were set at 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5%, which were recorded as 1-4, correspondingly.…”

Section: Simulated Riparian Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…RM, which has a large specific surface area and a homogeneous particle-size distribution, contains Ca, Fe, and Al oxides and other minor constituents [2,3]. It is usually directly disposed in deposit areas or dumped into the sea, which can result in not only the waste of this resource but also environmental pollution [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Phosphorus Speciation in Response to Simulated Riparian Zone Enhancement with Red Mud to Treat Reclaimed Water

Qin

Liu

2012

CLEAN Soil Air Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Variations in phosphorus speciation in two sets of simulated riparian zones with and without Perennial ryegrass were compared. Each set consisted of four units, each measuring 700 mm Â 200 mm Â 200 mm, which were enhanced with 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5% red mud (RM) by weight. The levels of total phosphorus (TP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in the effluent were analyzed, and phosphorus fractionation in the media were also determined after the systems had been operational for 3 months. The results showed that the unit received 2.5% RM had the highest rate of phosphorus removal, including TP, TDP, SRP, particulate phosphorus (PP), and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) were present at the average concentrations of 0.17, 0.10, 0.07, 0.08, and 0.03 mg/L in the effluent. Sequential phosphorus fractionation showed that calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) was the major component, indicating that the addition of RM induced aluminum/iron-bound phosphorus (Al/Fe-P), which was intensely bioactive, to form intractable Ca-P, which further inhibited the release of phosphorus from the media. However, the presence of P. ryegrass had little effect on the removal of phosphorus. Therefore, RM, when used directly in riparian zones at a suitable concentration, is a novel and low cost additive material that can be used to remove phosphorus from reclaimed water. IntroductionRed mud (RM), which is generally classified as a solid waste, is generated from the production of alumina by the caustic digestion of bauxite ores [1]. RM, which has a large specific surface area and a homogeneous particle-size distribution, contains Ca, Fe, and Al oxides and other minor constituents [2,3]. It is usually directly disposed in deposit areas or dumped into the sea, which can result in not only the waste of this resource but also environmental pollution [1]. Recently, some studies have reported various applications for RM, including the removal of nitrates and phosphates, soil remediation at mines, metal recovery [4-6], etc. However, RM is still regarded as a hazardous environmental pollutant due to its highly alkaline properties and high concentrations of various chemical substances [3]. As a consequence, appropriate pretreatment of RM is necessary before practical use [2].Riparian zones have been widely used for reducing phosphorus pollution due to their low cost, convenient operation, and easy maintenance [7][8][9]. Adsorption and precipitation of the media is considered to be one of the most useful removal processes of phosphorus from a column of water in riparian zones [10,11]. Different forms of phosphorus in wastewater, such as soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), organic-bound phosphorus (Org-P), and particulate phosphorus (PP), and their dynamics have been reported to affect the efficiency of phosphorus removal [12]. However, there are few reports on the use of riparian zones to remove phosphorus from reclaimed water, which generally has a lower phosphorus load. In addition, there are few studies that have focused o...

show abstract