Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis of Kraft Lignin with Refuse-Derived Fuels Using Ni-Loaded ZSM-5 Type Catalysts

Lee, Hyung Won; Sun, Jin; Park, Young-Kwon

doi:10.3390/catal8110506

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Synergistic effect was observed due to the balance between hydrogen and oxygen in the feedstock. Recently, Park et al investigated the catalytic co-pyrolysis of Kraft lignin with refuse-derived fuels [17]. As shown in Figure 4, the yields of aromatic hydrocarbons was much higher than the theoretical value for all catalysts, which could be attributed to the synergistic effect of hydrogen rich feedstock co-feeding.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Of Lignin To Oil Over Ni-based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Lignin Valorizations with Ni Catalysts for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Productions

Chen

Guan

Tsang³

et al. 2019

Catalysts

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Energy and fuels derived from biomass pose lesser impact on the environmental carbon footprint than those derived from fossil fuels. In order for the biomass-to-energy and biomass-to-chemicals processes to play their important role in the loop of the circular economy, highly active, selective, and stable catalysts and the related efficient chemical processes are urgently needed. Lignin is the most thermal stable fraction of biomass and a particularly important resource for the production of chemicals and fuels. This mini review mainly focuses on lignin valorizations for renewable chemicals and fuels production and summarizes the recent interest in the lignin valorization over Ni and relevant bimetallic metal catalysts on various supports. Particular attention will be paid to those strategies to convert lignin to chemicals and fuels components, such as pyrolysis, hydrodeoxygenation, and hydrogenolysis. The review is written in a simple and elaborated way in order to draw chemists and engineers' attention to Ni-based catalysts in lignin valorizations and guide them in designing innovative catalytic materials based on the lignin conversion reaction.Catalysts 2019, 9, 488 2 of 39 processes to play their important role in the loop of the circular economy, first, the process must be energy efficient itself [2]. Second, according to Anastas's second principle [3], atom economy should be maximized and excess starting materials which will not be contained in the final product should be avoided. Thus, developing highly active and selective catalysts and enzymes is an urgent need. Current technology for lignocellulosic valorization includes biochemical fermentation, chemical and thermochemical methods using enzymes and metal catalysts, respectively. Thermochemical methods, including combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification, and chemical methods, such as hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), hydrogenolysis, and oxidative cleavage, have the advantages of higher throughputs due to the short reaction time, and thus are more suitable for commercialized and industrialized scale-up.Woody and herbaceous biomasses are large polymeric networks consisting of ca. 35-50% cellulose, 25-30% hemicellulose (glucomannan and glucuronoxylan), and 15-30% of lignin (macromolecular polymer networks with interconnected phenylpropane and phenol units with various formula, e.g., (C 31 H 34 O 11 ) n ) by weight. Lignin is one of the most thermal stable fractions and a particularly important resource for the production of chemicals and fuels. With careful design of the metal catalysts, either aromatic platform molecules, or fuels components such as naphthenes, can be preferentially produced in high yields and with high selectivity.Over the past decade, numerous monometallic and bimetallic metal catalysts using both precious and base metal precursors on various supports have been reported to successfully convert lignin into valuable products. Transition metals such as Ni (price = US$ 12.628/kg as of April 2019) are much more economically viable than precious metals...

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Section: Pyrolysis Of Lignin To Oil Over Ni-based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Comparison of experimental and theoretical value of (a) aromatic hydrocarbons and (b) phenolics from the catalytic co-pyrolysis of Kraft lignin and refuse-derived fuels over different catalysts[17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Valorizations with Ni Catalysts for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Productions

Chen

Guan

Tsang³

et al. 2019

Catalysts

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“…For example, it has been reported that Fe-ZSM-5 produced higher levels of deoxygenation and higher aromatisation efficiency associated with enhanced hydrogen transfer compared with unmodified ZSM-5 catalyst [6]. In addition, Lee et al [52] reported that co-pyrolysis-catalysis with Co-ZSM-5, Ni-ZSM-5, Zn-ZSM-5 and Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts produced lower catalyst coke formation compared with unmodified ZSM-5. Ni-ZSM-5 catalyst was also reported to increase the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons and alky phenols with reduced formation of alkoxy phenols due to induced increased hydrogen transfer from the plastic due to the nickel metal [52].…”

Section: Oil Composition From the Co-pyrolysis-catalysis Of Biomass:polystyrenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Lee et al [52] reported that co-pyrolysis-catalysis with Co-ZSM-5, Ni-ZSM-5, Zn-ZSM-5 and Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts produced lower catalyst coke formation compared with unmodified ZSM-5. Ni-ZSM-5 catalyst was also reported to increase the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons and alky phenols with reduced formation of alkoxy phenols due to induced increased hydrogen transfer from the plastic due to the nickel metal [52]. Figures 5 and 6 also show enhanced yields of single-ring aromatic hydrocarbons with Ni-ZSM-5 and Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts compared to the other metal-modified and unmodified ZSM-5 catalysts.…”

Section: Oil Composition From the Co-pyrolysis-catalysis Of Biomass:polystyrenementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass:polystyrene co-pyrolysis coupled with metal-modified zeolite catalysis for liquid fuel and chemical production

Dyer

Nahil

Williams

2022

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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Biomass and waste polystyrene plastic (ratio 1:1) were co-pyrolysed followed by catalysis in a two-stage fixed bed reactor system to produce upgraded bio-oils for production of liquid fuel and aromatic chemicals. The catalysts investigated were ZSM-5 impregnated with different metals, Ga, Co, Cu, Fe and Ni to determine their influence on bio-oil upgrading. The results showed that the different added metals had a different impact on the yield and composition of the product oils and gases. Deoxygenation of the bio-oils was mainly via formation of CO2 and CO via decarboxylation and decarbonylation with the Ni–ZSM-5 and Co–ZSM-5 catalysts whereas higher water yield and lower CO2 and CO was obtained with the ZSM-5, Ga–ZSM-5, Cu–ZSM-5 and Fe–ZSM-5 catalysts suggesting hydrodeoxygenation was dominant. Compared to the unmodified ZSM-5, the yield of single-ring aromatic compounds in the product oil was increased for the Co–ZSM-5, Cu–ZSM-5, Fe–ZSM-5 and Ni–ZSM-5 catalysts. However, for the Ga–ZSM-5 catalyst, single-ring aromatic compounds were reduced, but the highest yield of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was produced. A higher biomass to polystyrene ratio (4:1) resulted in a markedly lower oil yield with a consequent increased yield of gas.

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“…However, the shortcomings of zeolite catalysts are evident; for example, the narrow pore structure of the zeolite does not allow the passage of larger compounds leading to polymerization reactions at the surface to form coke. Therefore, the density and activity of the acidic part of the zeolite can be adjusted by introducing metallic substances to reduce catalyst deactivation and improve the selectivity of the bio-aromatics. − For example, Vichaphund et al researched the production of bio-aromatics from Jatropha residues on Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst at 500 °C. Compared with the unmodified HZSM-5 catalyst, the Mo-modified HZSM-5 catalyst has a higher BTX yield (about 78.9%).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Bio-aromatics Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art and Perspectives in Catalytic Conversion Mechanism of Biomass to Bio-aromatics

Yan

2020

Energy Fuels

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Research on biomass decomposition and transformation has attracted widespread attention from academia to industry worldwide, aiming to harvest bio-aromatics from the abundant renewable biomass resource. However, the complexity of the structure and composition of biomass makes its conversion into bio-aromatics a very challenging task. Hence, it is necessary to understand in depth the mechanism of biomass conversion to bio-aromatics with higher selectivity. Although considerable progress has been achieved on the development of bio-aromatics from biomass, the detailed process and reaction mechanism for the bioaromatics synthesis has lacked a complete summary. This work reviews the recent advances in the conversion of biomass to bioaromatics, including biomass gasification, pyrolysis, and hydrolytic fermentation, etc. Various biomass sources and biomass-derived model compounds as examples were used to illustrate the effect of different raw materials on the yield of bio-aromatics. Subsequently, this review summarizes the influence of different catalysts on the synthesis of bio-aromatics and the metal-modified HZSM-5 catalysts exhibited a higher bio-aromatics yield compared with those of other catalysts. Finally, the reaction mechanism of biomass to bio-aromatic hydrocarbons via different reaction routes was discussed in detail. The aim is for the conversion mechanism presented in this work to provide a reference for the efficient conversion of bio-aromatics from biomass in the future.

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Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis of Kraft Lignin with Refuse-Derived Fuels Using Ni-Loaded ZSM-5 Type Catalysts

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Lignin Valorizations with Ni Catalysts for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Productions

Lignin Valorizations with Ni Catalysts for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Productions

Biomass:polystyrene co-pyrolysis coupled with metal-modified zeolite catalysis for liquid fuel and chemical production

State of the Art and Perspectives in Catalytic Conversion Mechanism of Biomass to Bio-aromatics

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