Catalytic Combustion

Forzatti, Pio; Groppi, Gianpiero; Cristiani, Cinzia

doi:10.1002/9783527610044.hetcat0124

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…In this context, besides choosing a material that is inert at the operating pressure and temperature and can act synergistically with the active component, selecting a support facilitates modularization. Industry requires high flow rates, short contact times, tight temperature control, and low pressure drop across the bed . Pressure drops across structured catalysts are 2 orders of magnitude lower than those across packed beds, and radial and axial temperature gradients (local hot spots) are lower due to the higher effective thermal conductivity and the regularity of the internal path, which makes it possible to operate in the laminar regime …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FeCrAl as a Catalyst Support

et al. 2020

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The iron-chromium-aluminum alloy (FeCrAl) is an exceptional support for highly exothermic and endothermic reactions that operate above 700 °C in chemically aggressive environments, where low heat and mass transfer rates limit reaction yield. FeCrAl two-and three-dimensional structured networksmonoliths, foams, and fibersmaximize mass transfer rates, while their remarkable thermal conductivity minimizes hot spots and thermal gradients. Another advantage of the open FeCrAl structure is the low pressure drop due to the high void fraction and regularity of the internal path. The surface Al 2 O 3 layer, formed after an initial thermal oxidation, supports a wide range of metal and metal oxide active phases. The aluminum oxide that adheres to the metal surface protects it from corrosive atmospheres and carbon (carburization), thus allowing FeCrAl to operate at a higher temperature. The top applications are industrial burners, in which compact knitted metal fibers distribute heat over large surface areas, and automotive tail gas converters. Future applications include producing H 2 and syngas from remote natural gas in modular units. This Review summarizes the specific preparation techniques, details process operating conditions and catalyst performance of several classes of reactions, and highlights positive and challenging aspects of FeCrAl.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FeCrAl as a Catalyst Support

et al. 2020

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“…Character of the axial dependences of Nu predicted by the model using the 3-D Navier−Stokes equations is rather typical (see, for instance, the available results 7,8,11 ). For the conditions under study the Nusselt number is much higher in the inlet domain, and then some smooth lowering is observed.…”

Section: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The profiles of gas velocity magnitude and "radial" (transverse) component of the gas velocity (Figure 6) as well as methane fraction in the reaction mixture (Figure 8) are presented vs transversal Y-coordinate (0 < Y < 0.69 mm, Z = 0) at the cross sections along the catalyst length, mainly according to the 2-D pictures shown in Figure 5. Lines 1−8 in Figures 6 and 8 correspond to the next axial coordinates X = 0 (1), 0.1 (2), 0.2 (3), 0.5 (4), 1 (5), 5 (6), 10 (7), and 29 mm (8). The temperature profiles along the monolith length are shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monolith catalysts are well-known due to wide environmental application in the systems for gas cleaning such as automotive catalytic converters, reactors for purification of the exhaust gases of chemical plants, and others. The success in the exhaust gas treatment attracted the attention of researchers to the development of monolithic systems, involving gas-phase reactants and solid catalysts, for other processes such as fuel combustion, selective oxidation of hydrocarbons, etc., which are characterized by rather high temperature and flow rates. − Since the catalyst properties in these systems are strongly affected by the gas–solid heat transfer due to more severe operation conditions, the possibility of successful development of new structured reactors and their optimal performance depends on understanding the interplay between various physical and chemical processes occurring within the channels and catalyst walls of monolith. Detailed modeling together with the experiments allows for the study of the interaction of a catalytic reaction and the interphase heat and mass transfer in the monoliths and for obtaining the information necessary for reactor design and optimization. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of Heat Transfer in a Porous Monolith Catalyst with Square Channels

Кленов

Чумакова

Pokrovskaya

et al. 2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Interaction of gas flow heterogeneity and heat flow distribution in porous honeycomb catalyst with square channels is under study by 3D Navier–Stokes equations for methane oxidation as model reaction. Gas stream passes through the monolith frontal surface into porous structure which generates complex rearrangement of the gas flow entering the monolith channel, and therefore sharp gradients of the heat flow form between the channel wall and gas stream. The catalyst temperature differs significantly from that of the gaseous medium, increases abruptly, and causes fast reduction of methane concentration in the near-wall region. The gas temperature grows noticeably at certain distance from the inlet, and its distribution along the channel is rather smooth. Axial profiles of Nusselt number determined by local heat transfer characteristics are close in different cases: for constant wall temperature and nonuniform distribution of the thermal characteristics as well as in the cases without and with catalytic reaction.

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Nitrogen Oxides Removal—Industrial

Forzatti¹,

Lietti²,

Tronconi³

2010

Encyclopedia of Catalysis

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The trend towards more severe emission regulations has motivated in the last decades scientific and technical efforts in the removal of NOx from flue gases of stationary sources. This review surveys the present status and recent advances in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx by NH3 in stationary applications, but also includes the most recent developments on the key‐issues of the dynamics of the reaction, which are relevant for nonstationary (mobile) applications as well. Catalytic, mechanistic, kinetic, reactor and process aspects of the SCR reaction are illustrated. An account is also given of the SCONOx process, that has been recently proposed as the lowest achievable emission rate (LAER) technology for NOx removal in stationary applications.

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Catalytic Combustion

Abstract: The sections in this article are Introduction Base Concepts and System Requirements Design Approaches Fully Catalytic Combustor Fuel Staging Partial Catalytic Hybrid Combustor Commercialization Status and Perspectives Fuel‐Rich Catalyti… Show more

Cited by 4 publications

References 104 publications

FeCrAl as a Catalyst Support

FeCrAl as a Catalyst Support

Modeling of Heat Transfer in a Porous Monolith Catalyst with Square Channels

Nitrogen Oxides Removal—Industrial

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