“…Linear olefins those with a carbon chain length ranging from C4 to C20 are highly numerous petrochemical intermediates that find extensive applications in the production of a wide highvalue chemicals and polymers (Binhazzaa, 2024;Golub' et al, 2021), these linear olefins have been obtained through energy-intensive and environmentally detrimental processes such as naphtha cracking (Gholami et al, 2021;Jeong et al, 2001) or paraffin dehydrogenation (Jiang et al, 2022;Vora, 2012), with the increasing request for sustainable and environmentally benign alternatives, the catalytic conversion of bio-derived ethanol to linear olefins has appeared as a promising route (Cordon et al, 2022a;Pieta et al, 2021;Vinayagamoorthi et al, 2021), aligning with the principles of green chemistry and the circular economy (Abdussalam-Mohammed et al, 2020;T.-L. Chen et al, 2020;Sheldon, 2024). The transformation of ethanol to linear olefins by catalytical is a complex, many steps process that includes a series of intricate reactions (Sheldon, 2024), including dehydration (Eagan et al, 2019), oligomerization (Dagle et al, 2020), isomerization (Gešvandtnerová et al, 2022), and cracking (Kianfar & Salimi, 2020).…”