Catalytic Conversion of Biomass

Luque, Rafael; De, Sudipta; Balu, Alina M.

doi:10.3390/catal6100148

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…One of the greatest challenges that industry faces in the 21st century is the transition from a fossil fuel based economy to one based on renewable resources, driving the search of new alternative renewable feedstocks for the production of chemical building blocks [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In particular, the exploitation of lignocellulosic biomass is receiving an increasing attention due to its renewability, abundance, low value and carbon-neutral balance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

et al. 2016

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Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the top bio-based platform molecules that can be converted into many valuable chemicals. It can be produced by acid catalysis from renewable resources, such as sugars, lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials, attractive candidates due to their abundance and environmentally benign nature. The LA transition from niche product to mass-produced chemical, however, requires its production from sustainable biomass feedstocks at low costs, adopting environment-friendly techniques. This review is an up-to-date discussion of the literature on the several catalytic systems that have been developed to produce LA from the different substrates. Special attention has been paid to the recent advancements on starting materials, moving from simple sugars to raw and waste biomasses. This aspect is of paramount importance from a sustainability point of view, transforming wastes needing to be disposed into starting materials for value-added products. This review also discusses the strategies to exploit the solid residues always obtained in the LA production processes, in order to attain a circular economy approach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

et al. 2016

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“…The existing global supply of carbon depends mainly on fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal), which are limited in quantity. Due to the rapid depletion of fossil energy, using biomass to produce value-added products has elicited great attention from researchers in modern times [ 3 ]. Biomass can be converted to yield char or carbon using different thermal, biological, and physio-chemical processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature on the Physical, Electro-Chemical and Adsorption Properties of Carbon Micro-Spheres Using Hydrothermal Carbonization Process

et al. 2018

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This research deals with the effect of the temperature on the physical, thermal, electrochemical, and adsorption properties of the carbon micro-spheres using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Until recently, limited research has been conducted regarding the effects of delignification during the HTC process of biomass residues especially Dimocarpus longan. In this regard, lignin was first extracted from the lingo-cellulosic waste of Longan fruit peel (Dimocarpus longan). The holocellulose (HC) separated from lignin and raw biomass substrates (Longan fruit exocarp/peel powder, LFP) were carbonized at different temperatures using water as the green catalyst. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was performed for both of the samples (LFP and HC) at 200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C for 24 h each. The surface morphological structures, the porosity, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of the prepared micro-spherical carbon were determined. The BET surface areas obtained for HC-based carbon samples were lower than that of the raw LFP based carbon samples. The carbon obtained was characterized using ultimate and proximate analyses. The surface morphological features and phase transformation of the synthesized micro-spherical carbon was characterized by a field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results demonstrated that the extraction of lignin could significantly alter the end properties of the synthesized carbon sample. The carbon spheres derived from LFP showed a higher carbon content than the HC-based carbon. The absence of lignin in the holo-cellulose (HC) made it easy to disintegrate in comparison to the raw, LFP-based carbon samples during the HTC process. The carbonaceous samples (LFP-300 and HC-300) prepared at 300 °C were selected and their adsorption performance for Pb (II) cations was observed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin linear isotherm models. At 30 °C, the equilibrium data followed the Langmuir isotherm model more than the Freundlich and Temkin model for both the LFP-300 sample and the HC-300 sample. The potential of the synthesized carbon microspheres were further analyzed by thermodynamic characterizations of the adsorption equilibrium system.

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“…The use of biomass as an alternate energy source has gained much attention in the past decade owing to its efficient production of a range of petrochemical products. 1,2 Among various renewable energy sources, biomass has the potential to produce carbon-containing products as the carbon-content in biomass resources is quite high. 3,4 In this era where population is continuously rising and to satisfy their basic needs, the requirement for transportation fuels is continuously increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Catalysis for Sustainable Energy

Tuteja

2023

SynOpen

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Dominance of fossil fuel in energy sector is associated with greenhouse gas emission and release of atmospheric pollutants. Biomass based energy generation is considered as potential alternative for replacement of fossil fuels as it is being used as a sustainable source of heat and power since long time. Biomass as a feedstock can be used for synthesis of different energy products. Catalyst plays significant role in various conversion routs and affect the yield of major products. Researchers have mainly focused on starchy feedstock, lignocellulosic biomass and triglyceride containing biomass for bioenergy production. The catalytic reactions for the biomass feedstock mainly involves deoxygenation, hydrolysis, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation and oxidation etc. This review mainly focuses on the overview of various catalytic reactions for conversion of different class of biomass feedstock for biofuel production. The primary aim of this review is to provide catalytic strategies for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to value-added products

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Catalytic Conversion of Biomass

Abstract: Petroleum, natural gas and coal supply most of the energy consumed worldwide and their massive utilization has allowed our society to reach high levels of development in the past century.[...]

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

New Frontiers in the Catalytic Synthesis of Levulinic Acid: From Sugars to Raw and Waste Biomass as Starting Feedstock

Effect of Temperature on the Physical, Electro-Chemical and Adsorption Properties of Carbon Micro-Spheres Using Hydrothermal Carbonization Process

Heterogeneous Catalysis for Sustainable Energy

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