Catalytic conversion of biomass derivative γ-valerolactone to aromatics over Zn/ZSM-5 catalyst

Catalytic conversion of ethanol to aromatic compounds using metal/zeolite catalysts

“…Xia et. al [10] reported that Zn metal has played a key role in the formation these aromatic compounds. So that, it can be summarized that Zn/zeolite has good activity for conversion ethanol to aromatic compounds.…”

“…They demonstrated that Ga/ZSM-5 is a bi-functional catalyst, which can promote the decarbonylation reaction and favor the aromatization of olefins. In addition, the acid sites in ZSM-5 can also enhance the oligomerization and crack reaction to obtain aromatic compounds, thereby leading to increase the yield of aromatics [10].…”

Decarboxylation of Lactones over Zn/ZSM‐5: Elucidation of the Structure of the Active Site and Molecular Interactions

“…For the unmodified H-ZSM-5 sample,t he total selectivity for aromatic compounds (benzene,t oluene,x ylene (BTX) and higher-alkyl aromatic compounds) is about 62 %with the light alkane/alkene selectivity reaching 38 %. As stated, GVL can undergo ring opening and decarboxylation to initially form butene, [5,6] but H-ZSM-5 alone appears to be insufficient to generate aromatic compounds with high selectivity.T he addition of particularly Sn, Ga, and Zn can significantly increase the selectivity towards aromatic compounds at the expense of light alkanes/alkenes,p resumably owing to the introduction of other active sites through the metal ion doping. Among the screened samples,Z n/ZSM-5 gave the highest selectivity towards aromatic compounds of 91.4 %, which is about 30 %higher than that of unmodified H-ZSM-5.…”

“…[5] Following this work, the direct conversion of GVL into aromatic compounds as platform chemicals via butene without water has also been briefly studied over the Brønsted acidic sites in zeolites.H owever,t he low liquid product yield and rapid catalyst deactivation posed technical problems. [6] Furthermore,i tw ould be advantageous to carry out the catalysis without the need for water separation (see the Supporting Information).…”

“…TheB rønsted acidic sites in H-ZSM-5 may further catalyze the transformation of butene into aromatic compounds. [6,16] Thus some pure and metal-modified ZSM-5 catalysts were tested with af low reactor at SINOPEC (SRIFT) by feeding ac ontinuous liquid flow of 40 wt % GVL/H 2 Ow ith aw eight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 1.0 h À1 to ac atalyst zone at 450 8 8C( with ap reheated zone) under industrially applicable conditions.Asseen in Figure 1a, the catalytic performances of some ZSM-5-based catalysts were compared (see also the Supporting Information, Section S2). TheG VL conversions were generally found to be greater than 99 %( complete conversion) within 12 ho f reaction time for all of the catalysts studied ( Figure S1 b).…”