Catalytic Conversion of Glucose into 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural Over Cu–Cr/ZSM-5 Zeolite

Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from rice-straw biomass using a HSO3–ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst under assistance of sonication

“…With higher polarity than THF, DMSO is a good solvent for dissolving reagents like glucose, can facilitate the mixing of glucose molecules and catalyst. 33,34 The formation of hydrogen bonds between the acidic site of the zeolite and THF were also believed to be the reason that induce the lower HMF yield in the case of THF/H 2 O solvent. These hydrogen bonds would reduce the acidity and catalytic activity of acidic zeolite catalyst.…”

“…These hydrogen bonds would reduce the acidity and catalytic activity of acidic zeolite catalyst. 33 Moreover, DMSO can absorb water to promote the dehydration reaction and suppresses the hydrolysis of HMF to levulinic acid and formic acid resulting in high conversion efficiency of glucose to HMF. 32,35 According to the obtained results, DMSO was chosen for further investigations.…”

Sustainable Approaches to Selective Conversion of Cellulose Into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Promoted by Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts: A Review

“…In 2020, the access gateway of non-/noble metal ions (Cu +2 and Cr +3 ) loaded on the external surface of ZSM-5 zeolite particles to the establishment of Cu-Cr-based zeolite was achieved by means of the ion exchange method. The highly crystalline Cu–Cr/ZSM-5 zeolite applied to the catalytic conversion of glucose into 5-HMF was smoothly initiated under suitable conditions, with good performance in conversion and selectivity ( Chung et al, 2020 ).…”

Biomass to fuels and chemicals: A review of enabling processes and technologies

“…Various heterogenous catalysts including metal organic frameworks, zeolites and conventional supported catalysts have been proposed in the literature and a suitable industrial catalyst for selective conversion of hexose carbohydrates to HMF is still an area of open research. 107 Cu-Cr/ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst has been reported for conversion of glucose to HMF with 50.4% yield. 107 Recently, improved catalytic activity has been reported with sulfonated ZSM-5 zeolite under assistance of sonication, resulting in an HMF yield of 54.1%.…”

“…107 Cu-Cr/ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst has been reported for conversion of glucose to HMF with 50.4% yield. 107 Recently, improved catalytic activity has been reported with sulfonated ZSM-5 zeolite under assistance of sonication, resulting in an HMF yield of 54.1%. 108 Direct conversion of lignocellulosic raw biomass to 5-HMF and levulinic acid in aqueous medium has been reported with sulfonated solid acid carbonaceous catalyst.…”