Catalytic conversion of levulinic acid or furfural alcohol into ethyl levulinate using a sulfonic acid-functionalized coffee biochar

Selective Hydrogenative Rearrangement of Furfural to Cyclopentanol over Alloyed Cu–Co Supported on Sulfur-Doped Coffee Biochar

“…Figures S1 and show the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of different samples. Figure S1a shows the XRD patterns of SCB, which show one broad diffraction peak at around 26.1° (labeled as •), corresponding to the (002) planes of amorphous carbon. , After grafting Cu–Al, Co–Al, or Cu–Co–Al LDH onto SCB, the typical diffraction peaks of LDH (labeled as †) can be detected (Figure S1b–e), indicating that LDH precursors were successfully grafted onto SCB. Subsequently, once the catalyst precursors were reduced, the characteristic lamellar structure of LDH disappeared in all samples (Figure ).…”

“…Biochar, as a kind of carbon materials, could be synthesized from renewable biomass such as rice husks, grapefruit peels, peanut shells, walnut shells, etc. − Compared with other biomass, biochar materials derived from coffee residues usually outperform textural properties. This is because during the roasting process of coffee beans, internal molecules (such as caffeine, tannic acid, polyphenols, etc.)…”

“…Additionally, the coffee biochar activated by sulfonic acid is usually rich in oxygen functional groups (such as −OH, −CO, −COOH, −COO – , −SO 3 H, etc. ), which can serve as nucleation centers for LDH deposition. Furthermore, after activating by sulfonic acid, the S atoms could be doped into the framework of coffee biochar, which can serve as the metal-anchoring sites by forming metal-S species, further enabling metal atoms to be well dispersed across the coffee biochar.…”

Bridging and terminal hydroxyl groups of Zr(OH)4 as active sites for the ultraselective transformation of biomass-based alcohols

“…16–18 Moreover, the oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds and dehydration of alcohols to corresponding alkene compounds play important roles in academic organic chemistry research and industrial application. 19–21 As a typical biomass-based alcohol monomeric molecule, 1-phenylethanol can be transformed into a variety of organic intermediates, such as acetophenone and styrene. 22–24 Numerous types of research on the oxidation of 1-phenyl ethanol using both homogenous and heterogenous (Pd, Ru, Au, Ag, etc. )…”

Electron-Rich Ru Supported on N-Doped Coffee Biochar for Selective Reductive Amination of Furfural to Furfurylamine

“…The overuse and nonrenewable nature of fossil energy has forced people to seek green and renewable alternative energy sources. − In this regard, biomass has become a promising renewable carbon source for industry due to its abundant reserves, ecological friendliness, and widespread distribution. − Thus, the selective transformation of biomass into fine chemicals or fuels is one of the most promising ways to alleviate the depletion of fossil resources. Among the various fine chemicals, primary amines, as an important and widely used structural unit in organic synthesis, are widely used in the production of drugs, detergents, and dyes. − However, the current large-scale production of primary amines comes from fossil resources, and the toxic and hazardous raw materials that are often used in the traditional production process are causing energy and environmental problems …”