Catalytic CVD production of carbon nanotubes using ethanol

Fluidized bed catalytic chemical vapor deposition synthesis of carbon nanotubes—A review

“…Transition metals in the form of nanoparticles are considered as the most effective catalysts. The peculiar ability of transition metals to promote CNT growth is strongly related to these factors: (a) catalytic activity for decomposition of volatile carbon compounds, (b) ability of metastable carbides formation, and (c) diffusion of carbon through and over the metallic particles [7,[15][16][17][18][19]. The CCVD process for CNTs growth utilizes heterogeneous catalysts, which are the catalytically active metal particles, typically with a diameter of 1-10 nm, anchored on a high surface inert area.…”

Nanotechnology for Chemical Engineers

“…Li et al (2004b) demonstrated that the chemical structure of hydrocarbons, i.e., straight-chained ring or benzene-like structures, is significantly more influential than the thermodynamic properties (e.g., enthalpy) of the carbon source on the type of CNT formation. The most commonly used carbon sources are ethylene (Qian et al 2004;Corrias et al 2005;Ciambelli et al 2007;Melechko 2005), acetylene (Perez-Cabero et al 2004;Nagaraju et al 2002a, b;Kathyayini et al 2006;Garcıa-Garcıa et al 2008;Nourbakhsh et al 2007), methane (Ermakova et al 2001;Avdeeva et al 1999;Mora et al 2007;Qian et al 2004;Aslam et al 2006, Aghababazadeh et al 2006Reshetenko et al 2004), ethanol (Kouravelou and Sotirchos 2005;Zheng et al 2006;Maruyama et al 2002;Ortega-Cervantez et al 2005) and CO Herrera et al 2001;Kitiyanan et al 2000;Serquis et al 2003;Chiang et al 2001). The growth of clean SWCNTs was observed at relatively low temperatures using alcohols with various catalysts (Zheng et al 2006;Maruyama et al 2002;Bachmatiuk et al 2008).…”

“…Besides configuration, functional groups of hydrocarbons have a decisive influence on the quality of the produced material. Ethanol has been recently reported as a suitable carbon source for the CVD techniques due to several advantages, namely lower reaction temperatures compared to other hydrocarbons (Zheng et al 2006) and its etching effect of amorphous carbon on the catalyst surface Liu and Fang 2006;Zheng et al 2006;Kouravelou and Sotirchos 2005;Maruyama et al 2002;Ortega-Cervantez et al 2005). The authors concluded that alcohols are much better carbon sources for SWNTs than hydrocarbons and this is likely due to the ability attributed to OH− radicals to etch away amorphous carbon deposits.…”

Simple Method to Synthesize Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes Employing Cobalt Nitrate and Acetone by Using Spray Pyrolysis Deposition Technique

“…For the synthesis of carbon nanotubes are seeking a simple and economical method. It has been reported in the literature the use of carbon sources for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes as acetylene [1][2][3][4], toluene [5], nhexane, benzene and cyclopentadiene [6], and so forth, and ultimately alcohols have been used [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Montoro et al [13] reported in a large comparative study that acetone is the best candidate to synthesize multiwall carbon nanotubes, based on this type of analysis.…”