Catalytic Degradation of Rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i>) Oil to a Biofuel Using MgO: An Optimization and Kinetic Study

Abstract

A kinetic study of the catalytic degradation of rapeseed (Brassica napus) oil over MgO has been performed in a 70 cm 3 batch reactor using a 2 k factorial level experimental design. This study predicted the parameters that affected the liquid yield and the highest selectivity for naphtha. The optimal operating conditions were a temperature of 390 °C, a hydrogen gas pressure of 3 bars, a reaction time of 60 minutes and MgO catalyst content of 0.5 wt%. These conditions gave a yield of 85.33 wt% and 32.04 wt% liquid fuel and naphtha, respectively. From an analysis with a simulated distillation gas chromatograph and a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, the distribution of liquid fuel was found to be C 5-C12 aliphatic hydrocarbon molecules, 9.49 wt% alkane and 50.62 wt% alkene. FT-IR analysis showed C-H (stretching) indicating the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds (among the main functional groups), represented by the obvious peak at 2850-3000 cm , respectively. The temperature contributed to the decomposition of triglyceride acid by secondary catalytic cracking, and the acid active sites on MgO produced a biofuel that was used as an alternative fuel. Furthermore, the kinetic parameters were also determined to be second order. The activation energy (Ea) and the pre-exponential factor (A) from an Arrhenius relationship were also defined as 71.134 KJ mol -1 and 18.21 s -1 , respectively.

Differential Phytochemical Constituents of Brassica Napus L. Cultivars (Reandy, Sultan and Heros) as a Natural Sources of Bio-Fuels

“…Tetratriacontane (CAS) and Tetracosane (CAS) were the most common hydrocarbon in all three varieties. Role of these hydrocarbons has already been explained by a recent published research article (Uttamaprakrom et al, 2017). This high hydrocarbon contents of B. napus cultivars allow them to possess the fuel properties as the have numerous ester compounds, the beneficial B. napus plant as biofuel in biodiesel industry has also been proved by a team of researchers (Solis et al, 2017).…”

Fine-mapping and transcriptome analysis of a candidate gene controlling plant height in Brassica napus L.

“…In the 1960s, the introduction of dwarfing traits into wheat and rice, combined with the application of improved cultivation methods, led to spectacular increases in grain yields, the so-called "green revolution" [12,13]. B. napus is the third most important oilseed crop, providing 13-16% of vegetable oil globally [43], and rapeseed oil has a strong potential for use in biodiesel production [44]. In China, up to 70% of the total rapeseed cultivation areas were planted with hybrid rapeseed, because they normally produce a 25% greater seed yield and have greater yield stability [37].…”

Catalytic Copyrolysis of Used Waste Plastic and Lubricating Oil Using Cu-Modification of a Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst for Diesel-like Fuel Production

“…The sample liquid oil was collected and diluted with 1:100 carbon disulfide (Sigma–Aldrich, Singapore) and analyzed using a Varian CP-3800 (Varian Medical Systems, Inc., U.S.A.) simulated distillation gas chromatograph connected to an RTX2887 capillary column and FID detector in accordance with crude oil evaluation (ASTM method 2887-D86). Typically, the analysis of liquid product distribution consisted of main fractions of naphtha-like (initial boiling point −220 °C), kerosene-like (221–250 °C), diesel-like (251 to 370 °C), and long residues (371 °C to final boiling point) represented in the product distribution . Additionally, the sample pyrolysis oil was analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for qualitative analysis.…”

“…However, one major limitation of microporous catalysts is often limiting the catalytic activity and further catalytic efficiency for a large hydrocarbon compound according to intracrystalline diffusion, resulting in obstacles to the cracking reaction, isomerization, and arrangement of large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller hydrocarbon compounds at similar fractions to naphtha kerosene or diesel. − , Consequently, the modification of zeolite with metal doping has attracted much attention to improving both the acid strength and catalytic activity of the cracking reaction, − which might favor a higher yield of shortened hydrocarbon compounds that also effectively improve the catalytic oil to meet the stringent standard properties for diesel-like products in commercialized transport fuels. ,,,− Therefore, plastic waste entails dumping it at landfills, which can lead to numerous environmental pollution. The disposal of spent lubricant oil is collected and burned to produce heat energy, whose potential can be converted into energy by thermochemical reaction.…”

“…The product distribution of hydrocarbons from the catalytic reaction consisted of several carbons ranging from C 1 to C 4 gaseous products, naphtha, kerosene, gas oil, diesel and carbonaceous hydrocarbon compounds, 25 revealing mainly the process conditions and several types of catalysts employed with pore structures, surface areas and acid active sites of the catalysts. 9 , 11 , 13 , 19 , 20 , 24 …”