Catalytic Effect of Ruthenium Salts on the Reduction of Perchloric Acid by Hydrobromic Acid

Abstract

It thus appears as would be expected that the entropy of the glass at 0°K. increases with the complexity of the molecule.14 Summary 1.The specific heats from 16 to 298°K. of ethyl alcohol crystals, glass and liquid and of hexyl alcohol crystals and liquid have been measured.2. The heats of fusion and the temperature of fusion have been determined.3. The entropies and free energies of ethyl and hexyl alcohols at 298°K . and the entropy of ethyl alcohol glass at 0°K. have been calculated. 4. Regularities in the thermal data for the normal saturated aliphatic alcohols have been discussed.

Perchlorate Chemistry: Implications for Analysis and Remediation

“…In the presence of ruthenium(III,IV) (Crowell et al, 1929) or osmium(IV) (Crowell et al, 1940), bromide will reduce perchlorate. Tin(II) will reduce perchlorate in the presence of molybdate (Haight and Sager, 1952).…”

Properties of Electrolytic Solutions. II. The Evaluations of Λ0 and of K for Incompletely Dissociated Electrolytes

“…We consider a solution of a binary electrolyte AB and assume the usual equilibrium A+ + B'^±:AB (1) between ions and "undissociated molecules" of solute. It will not be necessary to consider the physical picture underlying (1); we shall accept the equation as implying that on the average a certain fraction of the total solute does not contribute to the transport of electricity through the solution during the conduction process. If the stoichiometric concentration is c, and the average fraction of solute free to carry the current is 7, then the various concentrations are…”

Recent Advances in Engineered Ru‐Based Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen/Oxygen Conversion Reactions

“…[ 15,16 ] In 1926, it was the first time discovered that a small amount of ruthenium chloride could oxidize the mixture of hydrobromic acid and perchloric acid to bromine. [ 17 ] Then, Ru‐based electrocatalysts have revealed vital electrocatalytic performance for both reduction and oxidation reactions. For instance, Ru(IV) has been extensively studied as catalysts for OER.…”