Catalytic etherification of glycerol to produce biofuels over novel spherical silica supported Hyflon® catalysts

Frusteri, F.; Frusteri, Leone; Cannilla, C.; Bonura, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.103

Cited by 64 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The reaction pattern considered when tert-butylation of glycerol is carried out in presence of an O-alkylating agent, such as isobutylene (IB), or tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] is shown in Scheme 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally the isobutylene (IB), produced by steam cracking of high boiling petroleum fractions or mixture of saturate hydrocarbons, is used for the etherification reaction [7][8][9]. However, its use is conditioned by its high cost, its low solubility in glycerol and the formation of di-enes and poly-oligomers by oligomerization reaction that affect the alkylate yields and catalyst stability [7,[9][10]. These compounds could led to the formation of undesirable deposits during combustion in the diesel engine, therefore they must be removed from the ethers mixture before its use as additive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Batch reactor coupled with water permselective membrane: Study of glycerol etherification reaction with butanol

Cannilla

Bonura

Frusteri³

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Batch reactor coupled with water permselective membrane: Study of glycerol etherification reaction with butanol

Cannilla

Bonura

Frusteri³

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

Self Cite

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“…A more acidic resin such as Hyflon® (a perfluorosulfonic ionomer similar to Nafion ) is an efficient catalyst to perform the etherification of glycerol with isobutene. 205 Hyfon® showed slightly higher performances than Amberlyst-15, achieving 97 % selectivity to DE plus TE at 100 % glycerol conversion, while oligomerization rate on Amberlyst-15 was higher. Moreover, Hyfon® was very stable and could be reused without loss of activity.…”

Section: Glycerol Ethersmentioning

confidence: 92%

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

2014

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In this work some relevant processes for the preparation of liquid hydrocarbon fuels and fuel additives from cellulose, hemicellulose and triglycerides derived platform molecules are discussed. Thus, it is shown that a series of platform molecules such as levulinic acid, furans, fatty acids and polyols can be converted into a variety of fuel additives through catalytic transformations that include reduction, esterification, etherification, and acetalization reactions. Moreover, we will show that liquid hydrocarbon fuels can be obtained by combining oxygen removal processes (e.g. dehydration, hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation, decarbonylation/descarboxylation etc.) with the adjustment of the molecular weight via C-C coupling reactions (e.g. aldol condensation, hydroxyalkylation, oligomerization, ketonization) of the reactive platform molecules.

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“…Afterward, scale factors were applied to laboratory values to extend them on a large scale. In particular the etherification reaction between anhydrous glycerol (purity ≥ 99.5%) and isobutylene on an ion-exchange dry resin (a cationic resin) used as a solid acid catalyst was considered [41,42].…”

Section: Gem Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of New Oxy-Fuels from Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol

et al. 2015

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Abstract:Biodiesel is obtained by the process of transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats and crude glycerol is the main by-product of the biodiesel manufacturing chain. As a result glycerol production has rapidly increased in the last decades. This work focuses on the development and the validation of a process to convert biodiesel-derived glycerol into a fuel for internal combustion engines. In order to obtain a higher conversion efficiency it was necessary to convert crude glycerol to tert-butyl ethers by means of an etherification process that was carried out in the laboratory. Then the obtained glycol-ethers mixture (GEM) was blended with a commercial diesel fuel to improve its thermal efficiency. In this paper a life cycle analysis for these GEM/diesel blends was carried out using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, in order to evaluate the environmental impacts of these new oxy-fuels; from GEM production to GEM use as an additive for diesel fuel. The LCA results highlight that the use of these new oxy-fuels in diesel engines can lead to an effective reduction in terms of greenhouse gases emissions throughout the entire life cycle.

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Catalytic etherification of glycerol to produce biofuels over novel spherical silica supported Hyflon® catalysts

Cited by 64 publications

References 28 publications

Batch reactor coupled with water permselective membrane: Study of glycerol etherification reaction with butanol

Batch reactor coupled with water permselective membrane: Study of glycerol etherification reaction with butanol

Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels

Life Cycle Assessment of New Oxy-Fuels from Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol

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