Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Soybean Straw Biomass for Glycolaldehyde-Rich Bio-oil Production and Subsequent Extraction

Abstract

In this study, soybean straw (SS) as a promising source of glycolaldehyde-rich bio-oil production and extraction was investigated. Proximate and ultimate analysis of SS was performed to examine the feasibility and suitability of SS for thermochemical conversion design. The effect of the co-catalyst (CaCl 2 + ash) on glycolaldehyde concentration (%) was examined. Thermogravimetric-Fourier-transform infrared (TG-FTIR) analysis was applied to optimize the pyrolysis temperature and biomass-to-catalyst ratio for glycolaldehyde-rich bio-oil production. By TG-FTIR analysis, the highest glycolaldehyde concentration of 8.57% was obtained at 500 °C without the catalyst, while 12.76 and 13.56% were obtained with the catalyst at 500 °C for a 1:6 ratio of SS-to-CaCl 2 and a 1:4 ratio of SS-to-ash, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest glycolaldehyde concentrations (%) determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis for bio-oils produced at 500 °C (without the catalyst), a 1:6 ratio of SS-to-CaCl 2 , and a 1:4 ratio of SS-to-ash were found to be 11.3, 17.1, and 16.8%, respectively. These outcomes were fully consistent with the TG-FTIR results. Moreover, the effect of temperature on product distribution was investigated, and the highest bio-oil yield was achieved at 500 °C as 56.1%. This research work aims to develop an environment-friendly extraction technique involving aqueous-based imitation for glycolaldehyde extraction with 23.6% yield. Meanwhile, proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) analysis was used to confirm the purity of the extracted glycolaldehyde, which was found as 91%.

Characterization of Langra Mango Peel Powder and Assessment of Its Prebiotic and Antioxidant Potential

“…No weight loss was observed at around 700 °C. Comparable thermal degradation pattern was observed by [51].…”

The influence of torrefaction temperature and reaction time on the properties of torrefied sun‐dried millet and sorghum straws from the arid and semi‐arid zones of western Africa

“…The very‐low sulfur and nitrogen contents in raw and torrefied MS and SS imply fewer SO x and NO x volatile compounds would be emitted 13 during thermochemical conversion. The high sulfur and nitrogen content in fuels was reported to encourage the formation of undesirable high‐energy bonds, such as cerium nitrate and cerium sulfate, thereby causing endothermicity of the reaction during thermochemical conversions 57 …”

“…The high sulfur and nitrogen content in fuels was reported to encourage the formation of undesirable highenergy bonds, such as cerium nitrate and cerium sulfate, thereby causing endothermicity of the reaction during thermochemical conversions. 57 Table 8 shows that the K content increased significantly in both MS and SS tor-chars fuels. The concentration of K steadily increased with increasing torrefaction temperature up to an approximately 129% and 126% increase, in MS and SS tor-chars, respectively, at 270 °C.…”

Valorization of Rejected Macroalgae Kappaphycopsis cottonii for Bio-Oil and Bio-Char Production via Slow Pyrolysis

“…Although biochemical conversion exhibits lower energy intensity compared to thermochemical processes, its economic feasibility is hindered by limitations. In contrast, thermochemical biomass conversion involving methods like torrefaction, , gasification, − and pyrolysis − is favored due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness . Among various thermochemical conversion methods, pyrolysis is particularly notable for its widespread use in transforming biomass into useful chemicals and biofuels.…”