Catalytic grafting: A new technique for polymer–fiber composites I. Polyethylene–asbestos composites

Wang, Qi; Kaliaguine, Serge; Aı̈t-Kadi, A.

doi:10.1002/app.1992.070440620

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For poly(ally1 alcohol) deposited in the reactor at low power (20 and 30 W), relatively low fwhm (around 1.0 eV) are observed. These fwhm are close to those of the first component of the XPS C l s core level of conventional polymers such as poly(viny1 methyl ether), poly(propy1ene glycol), and poly(viny1 alcohol) analyzed in the same conditions (pass energy: 75 eV, Binding Energy (eV) Figure 6 core level spectra of the polymers.…”

Section: Simulation Of the Cls Core Levelssupporting

confidence: 53%

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Detailed multitechnique spectroscopic surface and bulk characterization of plasma polymers deposited from 1-propanol, allyl alcohol, and propargyl alcohol

Fally

Virlet

Riga

et al. 1996

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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SYNOPSISThree monomers with different degrees of unsaturation, 1-propanol, allyl alcohol, and propargyl alcohol, are plasma-deposited to obtain alcohol functions containing polymers. T o obtain information on the behaviors of these monomers in the plasma, the polymers deposited in the reactor and in the postdischarge region are characterized by high-energy resolution XPS, IR, HREELS, elemental analysis, and chemical derivatization. XPS results show that oxygen-rich polymers can be obtained from the unsaturated monomers a t low power for both regions or at high power in the postdischarge region. In the reactor at high power, fragmentation of the monomer leads to the elimination of oxygen fragments and ablation reactions during the polymerization process. Detailed structural information on the chemical structure and content of functional groups are obtained by simulation of the X P S C l s core levels of the polymers before and after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. In soft conditions, allyl alcohol leads to the formation of polymers with a relatively low degree of crosslinking and a high hydroxyl content (53-72%). However, the high resolution of the XPS spectrometer allows one to detect the presence of secondary or tertiary alcohol functions resulting from chain branching reactions in this polymer. Results from this multitechnique characterization indicate also that the hydroxyl conversion and crosslinking reactions are more pronounced for poly( 1-propanol) and poly(propargy1 alcohol). Alcohol, ether, and carbonyl functions are present in equivalent quantities in poly(propargy1 alcohol) while poly(1-propanol) contains mainly ether functions (50%). The presence or absence of alcohol functions at the extreme surface of the polymers in relation to the chain mobility and the tendency of hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups was studied by HREELS. 0 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Section: Simulation Of the Cls Core Levelssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The yield of primary amine functions introduced at the surface of polymers by NH3 plasma treatment is also observed to be relatively 4 . Figure 1 Apparatus for plasma polymerization: (1) rf power; (2) makhing network; (3) monomer; (4) needle valve; (5) mass flow controller; (6) capacitance manometer; (7) pumping unit.…”

Section: Ntrodu Ctlo Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed multitechnique spectroscopic surface and bulk characterization of plasma polymers deposited from 1-propanol, allyl alcohol, and propargyl alcohol

Fally

Virlet

Riga

et al. 1996

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…8 ) respectively, significantly higher than the values of 1.4 GPa and 82. 1 MPa for the PEF composite. And the elongation at break for the PEG composite improved even more significantly, reaching 19.2% for a fiber content of 5%, and 14.7% for a fiber content of 8%, compared to Elongation at break of PEG and PEF types of plasma-treated UHMPE fiber/ values of 7.3% and 6.6% for the PEF composite with the same fiber content.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic grafting: A new technique for polymer/fiber composites. II. Plasma treated UHMPE fibers/polyethylene composites

Wang

Aı̈t-Kadi

Kaliaguine

1992

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SYNOPSISIn this paper, the catalytic grafting technique for preparation of polymer/fiber composites is extended to plasma treated ultra-high modulus polyethylene (UHMPE) fiber/ high density polyethylene (HDPE) system. The OH groups introduced on the UHMPE fiber surface by oxygen plasma treatment were used to chemically anchor Ziegler-Natta catalyst which then was followed by ethylene polymerization on the fiber surface. The morphology and interfacial behavior, as well as the mechanical properties, of the HDPE composites reinforced by catalytic grafted or ungrafted UHMPE fibers were investigated by SEM, DSC, polarized light optical microscopy, and tensile testing. The experimental results show that the polyethylene grafted on the fibers acted as a transition layer between the reinforcing UHMPE fibers and a commercial HDPE matrix. The interfacial adhesion was also significantly improved. Compared with the composite reinforced by ungrafted UHMPE fibers, the composite reinforced by catalytic grafted UHMPE fibers exhibits much better mechanical properties.

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“…This is reasonable due to the possible surface oxidation during fiber fabrication l2 and the simplifications involved in Eq. (2). After oxygen plasma treatment ( KPL) , the 0 /C ratio increased to 0.272, indicating an effective modification of the fiber surface.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Catalytic grafting: A new technique for polymer‐fiber composites. III. Polyethylene‐plasma‐treated Kevlar^TM fibers composites: Analysis of the fiber surface

Wang

Kaliaguine

Aı̈t-Kadi

1993

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SYNOPSISIn this article, plasma-treated KevlarTM fiber-polyethylene composites prepared by the catalytic grafting technique were studied. The reactive groups -COOH, -OH, -NH, generated on the Kevlar fiber surface by oxygen plasma treatment were used to chemically anchor Ziegler-Natta catalyst, which was then followed by ethylene polymerization on the fiber surface. The surface structure of the Kevlar fibers, untreated or treated by oxygen plasma, catalyst grafted, or ethylene polymerized, was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS ) , attenuated total reflection ( ATR) , and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) . The morphology, interfacial behavior, and mechanical properties of the highdensity polyethylene (HDPE) composites reinforced by either catalytic grafted or ungrafted Kevlar fibers were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) , polarized light optical microscopy, tensile testing, and SEM. Special attention was devoted to the tensile properties of the composites in the direction transverse to the fibers. The experimental results show that oxygen plasma treatment increases the reactive site concentration on the fiber surface significantly and that the composites reinforced by catalytically grafted Kevlar fibers exhibit higher tensile strength both parallel and transverse to the fibers. The improved interfacial adhesion is attributed to the interfacial chemical bonding established by catalytic grafting.

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Catalytic grafting: A new technique for polymer–fiber composites I. Polyethylene–asbestos composites

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Detailed multitechnique spectroscopic surface and bulk characterization of plasma polymers deposited from 1-propanol, allyl alcohol, and propargyl alcohol

Detailed multitechnique spectroscopic surface and bulk characterization of plasma polymers deposited from 1-propanol, allyl alcohol, and propargyl alcohol

Catalytic grafting: A new technique for polymer/fiber composites. II. Plasma treated UHMPE fibers/polyethylene composites

Catalytic grafting: A new technique for polymer‐fiber composites. III. Polyethylene‐plasma‐treated Kevlar^TM fibers composites: Analysis of the fiber surface

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Catalytic grafting: A new technique for polymer–fiber composites I. Polyethylene–asbestos composites

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Detailed multitechnique spectroscopic surface and bulk characterization of plasma polymers deposited from 1-propanol, allyl alcohol, and propargyl alcohol

Detailed multitechnique spectroscopic surface and bulk characterization of plasma polymers deposited from 1-propanol, allyl alcohol, and propargyl alcohol

Catalytic grafting: A new technique for polymer/fiber composites. II. Plasma treated UHMPE fibers/polyethylene composites

Catalytic grafting: A new technique for polymer‐fiber composites. III. Polyethylene‐plasma‐treated KevlarTM fibers composites: Analysis of the fiber surface

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Catalytic grafting: A new technique for polymer‐fiber composites. III. Polyethylene‐plasma‐treated Kevlar^TM fibers composites: Analysis of the fiber surface