Catalytic hydrogenation of CC and CO in unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters

Abstract

Review summarizing recent developments in hydrogenation of CC and CO in FAMEs focusing on catalysts, reaction mechanisms, and reactor conditions.

The Catalytic Reduction of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and CO2 by Metal Nanoparticles on Lewis‐Acidic Supports

“…In order to diminish the use of fossil petroleum resources and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, alternative synthetic routes starting from renewable carbon resources are required, even though renewable carbon resources such as CO 2 and biomass derivatives such as carboxylic acids, esters, and amides exhibit high oxidation states . In order to develop efficient synthetic routes for the production of chemicals from these sustainable carbon resources, it is necessary to improve existing catalytic technologies for reduction reactions (Figure ) . However, the development of efficient reduction protocols remains a formidable challenge, mostly due to the poor reactivity of these highly oxidized molecules in hydrogenation reactions ,.…”

Influences of Reaction Temperature and Carrier Gas Flow‐Rate on n‐Heptane Cracking over ZSM‐5 Catalyst Without and With Activation of V2O5/Al2O3

“…It seemed that V 2 O 5 /Al 2 O 3 played a pre-activation role, and thus improved the conversion of reactant. [19][20][21][22] Besides, it also altered the product selectivity, mainly featured by an improved selectivity to propylene and butylene, relative to their corresponding alkanes and ethylene. However, such influences became weak at elevated temperature, as indicated by the approaching curves in the above figures.…”

“…An approach proposed in our previous study is the catalytic cracking with the presence of lattice oxygen species. 19,20 Two different active sites, acidic sites of ZSM-5 catalyst and lattice oxygen provided by reducible V 2 O 5 / Al 2 O 3 , were co-presented in the reaction system. Note that the reactions were still predominated by catalytic cracking even after the introduction of lattice oxygen, which played a pre-activation role during the process.…”

“…Note that the reactions were still predominated by catalytic cracking even after the introduction of lattice oxygen, which played a pre-activation role during the process. [19][20][21][22] To explore the influences of reaction condition, i.e., reaction temperature and contact time, on the contribution of the alternative reaction pathway ascribed to the preactivation of V 2 O 5 /Al 2 O 3 , different performances of nheptane cracking over ZSM-5 equilibrium catalyst without and with the presence of V 2 O 5 /Al 2 O 3 were comparatively studied in this article. The reaction was performed on a fixed bed reactor in a pulse reaction mode at different reaction temperatures and N 2 flow-rates, as the contact time could be easily adjusted by changing the flow rate of N 2 as carrier gas during the reaction.…”

Effect of Plug-Filling, Testing Velocity and Temperature on the Tensile Strength of Strap Repairs on Aluminium Structures

“…A two-dimensional (2D) approximation of this geometry is often used for design purposes [4], consisting of the replacing of the hole by a gap between two separated rectangular plates. This geometry, reasonably predicting the stresses of the three-dimensional (3D) repair, is acceptable only for the optimization of geometric parameters influencing the repairs strength [6].…”