Catalytic hydrogenation of furfurylideneacetone

Hydroconversion mechanism of biomass-derived γ-valerolactone

“…The reaction with a second H 2 is the hydrogenolysis of a C-O bond resulting either dehydroxylation or in ring opening to get 1,4-PD. The hydrogenolysis of the C-O bond in the ring is, however, more likely than that at the hydroxyl side group from energetic reasons [61,62]. The reaction involving 1,4-PD intermediate seems to prevail.…”

Furfural: a renewable and versatile platform molecule for the synthesis of chemicals and fuels

“…These molecules are then further subjected to acid catalysis to obtain black insoluble resins (Figure 36c). 459 The resulting polymers have been used as adhesives and corrosion-resistant coatings in foundries. 299,300,447 As shown, FUR possesses strong potential as a monomer for producing many different interesting materials, and other FUR-derived monomers have been widely used to obtain polymeric products.…”

“…339 It has long been established that hydrogenation of the different functionalities in the aldol products proceeds according to the following sequence: first, CQC bonds in the side chain, then the CQO bond, CQC bonds in the furan ring, followed by hydrogenolysis of the C-O bond in the furan ring, and finally, the hydrogenolysis of other C-C bonds. [340][341][342][343] In Dumesic's first approach, the previously formed acetone aldol products were hydrogenated and the saturated molecules were finally transformed into alkanes in a 4-phase dehydration and hydrogenation (4-PD/H) reactor. 346,347 Following this latter reaction, the spontaneous separation of the alkanes from the aqueous phase avoids the need for a distillation step to separate the products of interest, thus favouring the energy balance of this process compared to the production of other water-soluble biofuels such as bioethanol.…”