Catalytic Hydroisomerisation of Fischer–Tropsch Waxes to Lubricating Oil and Investigation of the Correlation between Its Physical Properties and the Chemical Composition of the Corresponding Fuel Fractions

Abstract

Due to environmental concerns, the role of renewable sources for petroleum-based products has become an invaluable research topic. One possibility of achieving this goal is the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) based on sustainable raw materials. Those materials include, but are not limited to, synthesis gas from biomass gasification or hydrogen through electrolysis powered by renewable electricity. In recent years, the utilisation of CO2 as carbon source for FTS was one main R&D topic. This is one of the reasons for its increase in value and the removal of its label as being just exhaust gas. With the heavy product fraction of FTS, referred to as Fischer–Tropsch waxes (FTW), being rather limited in their application, catalytic upgrading can help to increase the economic viability of such a process by converting the waxes to high value transportation fuels and lubricating oils. In this paper, the dewaxing of FTW via hydroisomerisation and hydrocracking was investigated. A three phase fixed bed reactor was used in combination with a zeolitic catalyst with an AEL (SAPO-11) structure and 0.3 wt% platinum (Pt). The desired products were high quality white oils with low cloud points. These products were successfully produced in a one-step catalytic dewaxing process. Within this work, a direct correlation between the physical properties of the white oils and the chemical composition of the simultaneously produced fuel fractions could be established.

Standard-Compliant Gasoline by Upgrading a DTG-Based Fuel through Hydroprocessing the Heavy-Ends and Blending of Oxygenates

“…The FT gasoline was produced by HP of wax, as described in our early publication [75]. Neuner et al studied the production of high-quality pharmaceutical oils from low-valuable FT wax using a 0.3 wt.% Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst.…”

Conversion of Waste Synthesis Gas to Desalination Catalyst at Ambient Temperatures

“…SG is traditionally used as: (i) fuel gas for domestic/municipal/industrial applications (town gas) [24,25]; (ii) feedstock for the manufacture of synthetic fuels (e.g., gas-to-liquid (GTL) processes, including Fischer-Tropsch (FT) production of synthetic natural gas [26][27][28][29], transport fuels [30][31][32][33], waxes [34][35][36][37], oxygenates [38][39][40], gas-to-methanol [41][42][43], and petrochemicals); (iii) feedstock for the manufacture of fertilizers [44,45]; (iv) feedstock for "green" power stations [46,47]; (v) a source of hydrogen gas [48,49].…”

Correlation between the Molecular Structure and Viscosity Index of CTL Base Oils Based on Ridge Regression

“…Paraffinic hydrocarbons are processed by isomerization and fractionation, named CTL base oils. Pure synthetic CTL base oils, which have a high VI, are identified as group III base oils due to the use of traditional refining technologies such as hydrocracking and isomeric dewaxing. , Base oil properties such as VI, pour point, density, flash point, evaporation loss, and rotary pressure vessel oxidation test (RPVOT) affect the lubricating performance and service life of the lubricant.…”