2018
DOI: 10.3390/en11030564
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Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Food Waste Using CeZrOx

Abstract: Approximately 15 million dry tons of food waste is produced annually in the United States (USA), and 92% of this waste is disposed of in landfills where it decomposes to produce greenhouse gases and water pollution. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an attractive technology capable of converting a broad range of organic compounds, especially those with substantial water content, into energy products. The HTL process produces a bio-oil precursor that can be further upgraded to transportation fuels and an aqueo… Show more

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Cited by 62 publications
(56 citation statements)
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“…The highest HHV of bio-crude oil (40.2 MJ/kg) was obtained at 295 • C and 30 min (Supplementary Table 1) as carbohydrate and protein compounds were converted to produce bio-crude oil (Cheng et al, 2018), which is in line with the HHV of bio-crude oils derived from food waste in previous studies (32-41 MJ/kg) (Zastrow and Jennings, 2013;Maag et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018). The highest energy recovery for food waste bio-crude oil (49.3%) was comparable to recovered energy from HTL of algae (Gai et al, 2014) and other lignocellulose biomass (Cao et al, 2017).…”
Section: Energy Recovery and Energy Consumption Ratiosupporting
confidence: 83%
“…The highest HHV of bio-crude oil (40.2 MJ/kg) was obtained at 295 • C and 30 min (Supplementary Table 1) as carbohydrate and protein compounds were converted to produce bio-crude oil (Cheng et al, 2018), which is in line with the HHV of bio-crude oils derived from food waste in previous studies (32-41 MJ/kg) (Zastrow and Jennings, 2013;Maag et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018). The highest energy recovery for food waste bio-crude oil (49.3%) was comparable to recovered energy from HTL of algae (Gai et al, 2014) and other lignocellulose biomass (Cao et al, 2017).…”
Section: Energy Recovery and Energy Consumption Ratiosupporting
confidence: 83%
“…The keys for HTL yielding higher amount of bio-oil with the least oxygen content in a single step were reported to be the appropriate heterogeneous catalyst having deep deoxygenation activity and optimum process conditions [16]. Maag et al [17] studied the HTL of food waste and reported that heterogeneous CeZrOx catalyst yielded higher amount of biooil compared to homogeneous Na2CO3 catalyst due to the reduction in the WSO yield by 50%. Recently Amar et al [18] reported that the HTL of pinewood at 300 °C with (Co,Ni)-Fe oxide nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel technique as catalyst yielded higher amount of oil compared to non-catalytic HTL.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Extraction can be associated with particular components of materials such as cellulose, lignin, or oils but also specified compounds showing, among others, antioxidant, antimicrobial, or antifungal activity [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. The second indirect approach includes pyrolysis, microbial treatment, or liquefaction of different types of widely understood biomass, aimed at polyols, for example, for the production of polyurethanes and epoxy resins or monomers for polymer production [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%