Catalytic Hydrotreatment of algal biocrude from fast Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Patel, Bhavish; Arcelus-Arrillaga, Pedro; Izadpanah, Arash; Hellgardt, Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2016.09.056

Cited by 49 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…HTL allows for the biofuel production from wet microalgae without a drying pre-treatment [5] and it tolerates the conversion of the whole microalga biomass, also including the low-lipid microalgal biomass which normally has higher growth rates [3,[6][7][8][9]. Moderate temperatures (200-380 • C) and high pressures (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) and microalga:water ratios within the range 5%-15% are commonly used in HTL [10,11]. HTL yields a solid residue or biochar, a gaseous phase and two liquid fractions (aqueous and organic).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these reasons, current HTL research is focused mainly on improving the quality of the biocrude, reducing the content of these heteroatoms. The HTL biocrude can be upgraded with a conventional catalytic hydrotreatment [15], but novel processes involve the modification of the HTL process. Thus, some recent investigations deal to the HTL in two stages, where the N and O contained in the initial biomass is removed at low temperatures in a pre-treatment and the solid phase obtained in this first stage is transform to a low N and O content biocrude in the following HTL step [6,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalga Using Metal Oxide Catalyst

et al. 2019

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The yield and composition of the biocrude obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Nannocloropsis gaditana using heterogeneous catalysts were evaluated. The catalysts were based on metal oxides (CaO, CeO 2 , La 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 ). The reactions were performed in a batch autoclave reactor at 320 • C for 10 min with a 1:10 (wt/wt) microalga:water ratio. These catalysts increased the yield of the liquefaction phase (from 94.14 ± 0.30 wt% for La 2 O 3 to 99.49 ± 0.11 wt% for MnO 2 ) as compared with the thermal reaction (92.60 ± 1.20 wt%). Consequently, the biocrude yields also raised in the metal oxides catalysed HTL, showing values remarkably higher for the CaO (49.73 ± 0.9 wt%) in comparison to the HTL without catalyst (42.60 ± 0.70 wt%). The N and O content of the biocrude obtained from non-catalytic HTL were 6.11 ± 0.02 wt% and 10.50 ± 0.50 wt%, respectively. In this sense, the use of the metal oxides decreased the N content of the biocrude (4.62 ± 0.15-5.45 ± 0.11 wt%), although, they kept constant or increased its O content (11.39 ± 2.06-21.68 ± 0.03 wt%). This study shows that CaO, CeO 2 and Al 2 O 3 can be promising catalysts based on the remarkable amount of biocrude, the highest values of C, H, heating value, energy recovery, and the lowest content of N, O and S.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalga Using Metal Oxide Catalyst

et al. 2019

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“…Attenuated total reflectance‐fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) to study chemical bonds in extracted biocrude , , .…”

Section: Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The elemental analysis of the biocrude may be used for determining their distribution in various product phases . A partial characterization of MiA‐HTL produced biocrude can be obtained as follows: Gravimetrical method for biocrude yield measurement. Elemental analyzer for elemental analysis of carbon/hydrogen/nitrogen. Dulong's formula for HHV calculation. Gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS) for separation of biocrude components. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H and 13 C NMR) spectroscopy to find functional group information. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to determine number‐average molecular weight (Mn), weight‐average molecular weight (Mw), and polydispersity index. Simulated distillation (Sim‐Dist) to find boiling point distributions. Attenuated total reflectance‐fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) to study chemical bonds in extracted biocrude , , . …”

Section: Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-Simulated distillation (Sim-Dist) to find boiling point distributions. -Attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) to study chemical bonds in extracted biocrude [23,73,86]. In addition to experimental analysis, various experimentbased predictive models were proposed to predict the characteristics of HTL products such as yield, HHV, etc.…”

Section: Feedstocks and Products Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction for Biofuel and Biocrude Production from Microalgal Feedstock

Lababpour¹

2018

ChemBioEng Reviews

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Microalgal biomass processing by continuous hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has recently received much interest and can be used to convert microalgal biomass to biocrude oil and drop‐in fuels. This review focuses on the conversion of microalgae biomass to energy production through continuous HTL processes. In addition, processes for upgrading feedstocks and biocrude are also discussed. The feed of the biomass slurry is treated according to size and moisture regulations. Following separation of the gaseous, liquid, and solid phases, the determination of elemental, physical, and chemical fragments, yield of energy, and other properties of the various products is carried out. Homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts improve the biocrude yield and quality as does higher moisture content. The high percentage of N2 and O2 in the feedstock results in lower quality products. This may be resolved through pre‐processing of the biomass, controlling of HTL processes conditions, and post‐upgrading processing of the HTL products. The promising potential of microalgae biomass for biocrude and drop‐in fuels may have an important contribution to the world's renewable energy sources through HTL in the near future.

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