Catalytic kinetics of oxidative desulfurization with surfactant-type polyoxometalate-based ionic liquids

Direct synthesis of mesoporous H 3 PMo 12 O 40 /SiO 2 and its catalytic performance in oxidative desulfurization of fuel oil

“…The activation energy of DBT is lower than that of BT, which proves the easier oxidation of DBT. Zhu and coworkers [9] have reported that in polyoxometalate-based ionic liquid/H 2 O 2 catalytic system the apparent activation energy of BT was 65.3 kJ/mol. Li and coworkers [10] …”

“…Recently, it has been reported that heteropoly acids, especially those having the Keggin structure, are determined to be effective for the oxidation http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.064 0016-2361/Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. of sulfur-containing compounds in a liquid-liquid two-phase system due to their physical and chemical properties [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials Based on Polyoxometalates and Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Catalysis

“…The higher the ability to form a metastable emulsion, higher the oxidation activity and the better the separation after reaction either by demulsification or by decantation. Zhu et al [52,53] also report the preparation and application of various metal-based surfactant type ionic liquids peroxomolybdates and peroxotungstates for the oxidative desulfurization of fuel in oil/water mixture. The role of the quaternary ammonium cation was suggested to be the transfer of the catalytically active compounds to the sulfur containing aromatics thus enhancing the oxidation rate.…”

Heterogeneous titanium catalysts for oxidation of dibenzothiophene in hydrocarbon solutions with hydrogen peroxide: On the road to oxidative desulfurization

“…However, tungstates and tungsten based polyoxometallates are probably the most commonly used catalysts for oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. When the catalyst is in solution, it requires the use of a co-solvent, acetonitrile in most cases [24] to extract the sulfur compound allowing the reaction to proceed in the polar phase, or more commonly the use of a surfactant, either added [25][26][27][28][29], in the form of counter-ion of the polyoxometallate [30][31][32] or as ionic liquid phase [33,34]. The use of a co-solvent is also described in the cases of heterogeneous W catalysts [35][36][37].…”