Catalytic liquefaction of coal with supercritical water/CO/solvent media

Amestica, Luis A.; Wolf, E. L.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(86)90234-6

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Ross (1984) gives a good introduction to and overview of this field. Amestica and Wolf (1986) investigated the effect of catalysts and organic solvents on the liquefaction of coal in CO/H,O systems. They found that high coal conversions could be obtained in supercritical CO/H,O/solvent systems with or without an added catalyst.…”

Section: Aiche Journalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions at supercritical conditions: Applications and fundamentals

et al. 1995

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Section: Aiche Journalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions at supercritical conditions: Applications and fundamentals

et al. 1995

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“…As a result, SCFE has been targeted as a means of upgrading coal, tar sands, lignite, and other fuels, mostly by pretreatment (Vasilakos et al, 1985;Pang and McLaughlin, 1985;Monge and Prausnitz, 1983;Scarrah, 1983;Chen and Kazimi, 1985). In these cases, higher-temperature fluids, such as tetrahydrofuran, toluene, benzene, the higher (up to dodecane) nparaffins, methanol, acetone or water, are required (Fong et al, 1983;Eisenbach et al, 1983;Amestica and Wolf, 1985;Penninger, 1985;Wilhelm and Hedden, 1985;Ross et al, 1987;Desh-pande et al, 1987;Kershaw and Bagnell, 1987;Triday and Smith, 1988). At these elevated temperatures, frequently above 4OO0C, both extraction and pyrolysis take place.…”

Section: Solidljluid Solubilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase equilibria for supercritical fluid process design

1989

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Supercritical fluids (SCF's) are powerful solvents with many unique properties. They have great potential for many extraction processes, but reliable and versatile mathematical models of the phase equilibrium thermodynamics are needed for their use in process design and economic feasibility studies. This paper reviews existing experimental data and analytical methods and attempts to delineate their strengths and limitations. Also discussed are new data needs and possible new directions for a better fundamental understanding of the molecular processes in SCF solutions.

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“…For example, in one case, supercritical water leads to 25% coal conversion and 11% desulfurization, but adding CO increases the coal conversion to 33% and the desulfurization to 20% [1]. Adding a hydrogen donor organic solvent (e.g., tetrahydroquinoline) increases coal conversion further, supposedly because it can disperse and dissolve the coal fragments [16]. Extraction from coal with the CO/H 2 O binary gives oil yields higher than H 2 /H 2 O, N 2 /H 2 O, and CO 2 /H 2 O. Oils from aqueous-phase extraction have a lower oxygen content and higher carbon content than oils from pyrolysis [17,18].…”

Section: Extraction and Liquefaction Of Coal In Hydrothermal And Supementioning

confidence: 96%

“…This topic has been reviewed and discussed by Ross [15] and Savage et al [1]. High coal conversions are obtained in supercritical CO/H 2 O/solvent systems with or without an added catalyst [16]. For example, in one case, supercritical water leads to 25% coal conversion and 11% desulfurization, but adding CO increases the coal conversion to 33% and the desulfurization to 20% [1].…”

Section: Extraction and Liquefaction Of Coal In Hydrothermal And Supementioning

confidence: 97%