“…33–36 Despite MOFs naturally providing their derived transition metal electrocatalysts with extensive microporous and mesoporous structures for ample active sites, their high-temperature derivation processes, like selenization, nitridation, and phosphorization, frequently face challenges of sintering and agglomeration. 37,38 This will result in significant blockage of pores, thereby inhibiting the natural advantages of MOFs. Additionally, at the micrometer level, MOF particles sintering and clustering obstruct the mass transfer of electrolytes, as well as the diffusion and release of oxygen gas bubbles.…”