Catalytic modification of Ni–Sm-doped ceria anodes with copper for direct utilization of dry methane in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Electroless plated Cu–Ni anode catalyst for natural gas solid oxide fuel cells

“…The low level of deposited carbon improves the electron transfer to the external circuit. Further deposition of carbon would decrease gas diffusion and cause the mass transfer polarization by blocking the pores [26][27][28].…”

A hierarchical porous microstructure for improving long-term stability of Ni1-xCux/SDC anode-supported IT-SOFCs fueled with dry methane

“…This is also due to the fact that the catalytic activity of Cu is inferior to that of Ni for the electrochemical oxidation of fuel [19]. Comparing the maximum power density of 338 mW cm -2 from our previous work on Ni 0.95 Cu 0.05 /SDC supported cell [20], the maximum power density of the M A N U S C R I P T measured with a tow-wire configuration [7]. Therefore, the differences in the polarization resistance are mainly caused by the anodic polarization resistance.…”

“…One approach is to modify the Ni-cermet anode with Cu through the wet impregnation technique. When Cu nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the porous Ni/Sm-doped ceria (Ni/SDC) matrix, the cell stability in dry methane is significantly improved [20]. In literature, the Cu-ceria composites have been co-impregnated into the Ni/yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ni/YSZ) supported outer layer, resulted in a Ni/YSZ electroactive inner layer exhibiting high electrochemical performance without anode coking for the direct operation on ethanol [21].…”

“…performance with a power density of 338 mW cm -2 has been achieved, carbon has still formed on the anode due to the low concentration of Cu in the solid solution [20]. C. alloy-based anode microstructure is an effective approach for directly utilizing hydrocarbon when the x of Cu in the solid solution is lower than 0.21.…”

Ni-samaria-doped ceria (Ni-SDC) anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operating with CO

“…In fact, most of the carbon formed during lowtemperature SOFC operations is associated with this reaction [1]. Furthermore, not only is CO converted to carbon, but also less CO is available for electrochemical reaction.…”