Catalytic Oxidation of Phenol in Aqueous Solution over Copper Oxide

Sadana, Ajit; Katzer, J.R.

doi:10.1021/i160050a007

Cited by 161 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Cu0803 has a short induction period in which the phenol conversion increases to a maximum of 78%. This induction period has also been found in other studies dealing with copper oxidation catalysts [2,3], and is related to the oxidation mechanism by radicals. Once the phenol conversion reaches the maximum (about 24 h), the catalyst activity drops rapidly.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

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Wet air oxidation of phenol using active carbon as catalyst

Fortuny

Font

1998

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

174

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…between 17 and 37. In accordance with previous results reported for similar reaction conditions, trials presuming zero order [32] or ®rst order [3,5] of reaction with respect to the phenol concentration were done. For each reaction order, the differential phenol mass balance in the reactor was integrated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Wet air oxidation of phenol using active carbon as catalyst

Fortuny

Font

1998

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

174

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“…Hamilton et al (1969) described such a process using a magnesia catalyst at 100OC. Sadana and Katzer (1974) have reported conversions of phenol to carbon dioxide of as high as using a copper oxide catalyst at 145OC and 17 atm pressure. Not enough oxygen can be dissolved in water to give high conversions and still operate the reactor liquid full.…”

Section: Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of acetic acid solutions in a trickle‐bed reactor

Levec

Smith

1976

AIChE Journal

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Rates of oxidation of dilute, aqueous solutions of acetic acid were measured at 252O to 286OC and 67 atm in liquid full and trickle-bed reactors packed with ferric oxide catalyst particles. Predicted global rates and conversions indicated that localized vaporization and liquid channeling could affect trickle-bed performance. JANEZ LEVEC and J. M. SMITH University of CaliforniaDavis, California SCOPEOxidation of dilute aqueous solutions of organic pollutants by using solid catalysts offers an alternate process to biological oxidation as a means of purifying liquid water. Hamilton et al. (1969) described such a process using a magnesia catalyst at 100OC. Sadana and Katzer (1974) have reported conversions of phenol to carbon dioxide of as high as using a copper oxide catalyst at 145OC and 17 atm pressure. Not enough oxygen can be dissolved in water to give high conversions and still operate the reactor liquid full. Therefore, a gas-liquidsolid system, such as a trickle-bed reactor where gas (air or oxygen) and liquid flow concurrently downwards through the catalyst bed, is needed. Alternately, a slurry reactor with gas bubbling through the slurry could be used. In these three-phase systems, finite mass transfer rates between gas and liquid as well as between liquid and solid can affect reactor performance. Also, inefficient contact areas between the phases, due, for example, to channeling, can influence results. Goto and Smith (1975a, b) studied the oxidation of formic acid in water in a tricklebed reactor using a CuO.ZnO catalyst operated at 40 atm and 200° to 240OC. Elevated pressure was necessary to maintain water in the liquid phase. Based on a model which accounted for gas-to-liquid, liquid-to-particle, and intraparticle diffusion, they were able to predict observed behavior reasonably well from intrinsic kinetics and effectiveness factors previously established (Baldi et al., 1974) from data obtained in liquid full operation. Formic acid is easily oxidized. Hence, relatively low temperatures could be used so that the vapor pressure of the liquid was low. Because the intrinsic rate was large, short catalyst beds and high liquid rates were satisfactory, perhaps avoiding uncertainties due to inefficient contacting between phases. Another published study in trickle beds, which accounts for mass transfer effects, is that of Hartman and Coughlin (1972) on the oxidation of sulfur dioxide in a bed of activated carbon. These authors also found that liquid phase and intraparticle diffusion adversely affected the conversion to sulfur trioxide. Investigations such as these which attempt to account for all mass transport factors are rare. In a useful review, Satterfield (1975) has summarized current design concepts and indicated the need for additional kinetics and transport research. The effect of efficiency of liquid particle contacting on reactor performance has been investigated by Satterfield and May (1972) and by Sedricks and Kenney (1973).As a further study of trickle-bed performance, this paper reports results f...

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“…Although Cu (11) has been shown to be active for oxidation of the eMuent [Wang et al, 19821, heterogeneous catalyst is preferred, because it avoids the need for the removal of toxic catalyst in the treated water streams. In contrast to many investigations on catalytic oxidation of individual organic compound in liquid phase [Sadana and Katzer, 1974;Ito et al, 1989;Imamura et al, 1982;1986;1985;1988;Levec et al, 1976;1990;Pintar and Levec, 1992;Sanger et al, 19921, the information on catalytic oxidation of the multicomponent mixtures of organic pollutants in industrial wastewater streams, such as bleach plant effluent, is extremely limited. Recently, we have shown that an aluminasupported palladium catalyst is very active for the oxidation of the effluent (pH 11) from the pulp extraction stage in the bleach plant of Weyerhauser Canada Ltd. [Zhang and Chuang, 1998al.…”

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confidence: 99%

Wet oxidation of bleach plant effluent: Effects of pH on the oxidation with or without a Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst

Chuang

1999

Can J Chem Eng

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Wet oxidation of acidic bleach plant effluent was carried out at 423K and 1.5 MPa in a slurry reactor. The influence of pH of the bleach plant effluent was evaluated for both catalytic and non-catalytic oxidation in the liquid phase. The stability of the heterogeneous catalysts was investigated by measuring the extent of metal leaching into the solution. The pH of wastewater solution was found to influence significantly both the rate of total organic carbon (TOC) removal and the stability of the Pd/AI,O, catalyst. Leaching of palladium and alumina occurred mostly at pH 2 and pH 11 under experimental conditions. With Pd/AI,O,, comparable rates of TOC removal were obtained in the pH range of 5 to 9 without significant leaching of both palladium and alumina. No metal leaching was observed using the Pd-Pt/Al,O, catalyst at an initial pH value of 7. Implications of these experimental results for designing a catalytic wet oxidation process are discussed. A novel approach has been proposed for the treatment of emuents from softwood Krafi pulp mills.On a realise I'oxydation par voie humide d'un effluent d'usine de blanchiment acide a 423 K et 1 3 MPa dans un reacteur en suspension. L'influence du pH sur I'effluent a ete evalue pour I'oxydation catalytique et non catalytique et non catalytique dans la phase liquide. La stabilite des catalyseurs heterogenes a ete etudiee en mesurant I'etendue du lessivage des metaux dans la solution. On a trouve que le pH de la solution d'eaux usees influenqait de faqon significative la vitesse de retrait du carbone organique total (TOC) et la stabilite du catalyseur Pd/AI,O,. Le lessivage du palladium et de I'alumine se produit principalement aux pH 2 et 11 dans des conditions experimentales. Avec le Pd/AI,O,, des vitesses comparables de retrait du TOC ont ete obtenues dans la garnme des pH de 5 a 9 sans lessivage significatif du palladium ni de I'alumine. On n'a pas observe de lessivage des metaux avec le catalyseur Pd-WAI,O, a une valeur de pH initiale de 7. Les implications de ces resultats experimentaux pour la conception d'un processus d'oxydation par voie humide catalytique sont analysees. Une nouvelle approche est proposee pour le traitement des effluents des papeteries Kraft de bois tendre.

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Catalytic Oxidation of Phenol in Aqueous Solution over Copper Oxide

Cited by 161 publications

References 16 publications

Wet air oxidation of phenol using active carbon as catalyst

Wet air oxidation of phenol using active carbon as catalyst

Oxidation of acetic acid solutions in a trickle‐bed reactor

Wet oxidation of bleach plant effluent: Effects of pH on the oxidation with or without a Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst

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Catalytic Oxidation of Phenol in Aqueous Solution over Copper Oxide

Cited by 161 publications

References 16 publications

Wet air oxidation of phenol using active carbon as catalyst

Wet air oxidation of phenol using active carbon as catalyst

Oxidation of acetic acid solutions in a trickle‐bed reactor

Wet oxidation of bleach plant effluent: Effects of pH on the oxidation with or without a Pd/Al2O3 catalyst

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Product

Resources

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Wet oxidation of bleach plant effluent: Effects of pH on the oxidation with or without a Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst