The necessity for better water splitting requires speedy development of efficient catalysts with high activity, long-term stability, and cost effectiveness. In this work, a bifunctional catalyst originating from the interfacial assembly of a thin Mo,P-codoped Co layer (≈50 nm) shelled Co nanowire (Co-Mo-P/CoNWs) network is fabricated via a facile approach. The catalyst exhibits low overpotentials of 0.08 and 0.27 V to reach a current response of 20 mA cm −2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively, together with long-term stability in 1.0 m KOH medium. The outstanding performance is further demonstrated by a Co-Mo-P/CoNWs-based electrolyzer, which enables a cell voltage of only 1.495 V to reach 10 mA cm −2 , superior to one derived from commercial (Pt/C + RuO 2 /C) as well as to various reports recently published elsewhere. It is recognized that the formation of multiactive centers together with the increased active site number caused by Mo and P dual doping synergistically promote both hydrogen and oxygen evolution performance. Such a hybrid material opens a new approach for developing efficient and cost-effective catalysts for water splitting application.