Catalytic palladium‐based membrane reactors: A review

Abstract

Review Canada GIK 7P4This paper is an extensive review of the literature dealing with the class of catalytic membrane reactors which involves hydrogen permeable membranes made of palladium and palladium alloys. The fundamental factors which affect hydrogen permeability are first discussed. A classification of the many reactions which have been conducted in such reactors at both laboratory and commercial scales is then presented. The various techniques for the preparation of palladiumbased membranes are described and the literature on modeling and design of these reactors is also reviewed.Cet article passe en revue la littkrature relative B une classe de rkacteurs catalytiques z1 membranes utilisant des films de palladium ou d'alliages de palladium permtables a I'hydrogtne. On discute en premier lieu les facteurs qui affectent cette permeabilitk. On prCsente une classification des diverses rCactions et prockdes qui ont 6tC effectuCs dans de tels rtacteurs, au laboratoire et a I'kchelle commerciale. Les diverses techniques de prtparation des membranes 2 base de palladium sont dkcrites et on examine aussi la IittCrature portant sur la modClisation et la conception des rtacteurs.

Pure Hydrogen Production in Membrane Reactor with Mixed Reforming Reaction by Utilizing Waste Gas: A Case Study

“…It is well recognized that membrane reactor (MR) technology is a well-established reality in the production of hydrogen through reforming processes, as an option to the TRs [46,67]. Dense metal membranes can operate at medium pressures and temperatures (for example, for steam reforming and water-gas shift reactions) [68].…”

“…Moreover, due to Le Chatelier's principle, the reaction can be shifted towards the reaction products, with a consequent enhancement of the conversion and with the further benefit of collecting high grade hydrogen in the permeate side of the MR. Therefore, dense self-supported Pd-based MRs seem to be more adequate over other technologies to generate PEMFC-grade hydrogen due to the full hydrogen perm-selectivity of the membrane, while, depending on the finite value of the hydrogen perm-selectivity of the composite membrane, the purified hydrogen can be supplied to other kinds of fuel cells or to high temperature PEMFCs, whose CO content can be up to 20,000 ppm [67,[69][70][71][72][73][74][75].…”

The water‐gas shift reaction: from conventional catalytic systems to Pd‐based membrane reactors—a review

“…For Shu et al . [112] the Pd cost is not the limiting step for the application of Pd-based MRs in several small and medium processes, but considering large plants and the hydrogen economy, the cost of Pd could be a key factor in the development of Pd-based MRs.…”

Introduction – A Review of Membrane Reactors

“…In the last decades, membrane catalysis has been studied by several research and the significant progress in this field is summarized in several review articles (Armor 1998, Lin 2001, Lu 2007, Mcleary 2006, Sanchez 2002, Saracco 1994, Shu 1991.…”